86,539 research outputs found
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Cognitive barriers during monitoring-based commissioning of buildings
Monitoring-based commissioning (MBCx) is a continuous building energy management process used to optimize energy performance in buildings. Although monitoring-based commissioning (MBCx) can reduce energy waste by up to 20%, many buildings still underperform due to issues such as unnoticed system faults and inefficient operational procedures. While there are technical barriers that impede the MBCx process, such as data quality, the focuses of this paper are the non-technical, behavioral and organizational, barriers that contribute to issues initiating and implementing MBCx. In particular, this paper discusses cognitive biases, which can lead to suboptimal outcomes in energy efficiency decisions, resulting in missed opportunities for energy savings. This paper provides evidence of cognitive biases in decisions during the MBCx process using qualitative data from over 40 public and private sector organizations. The results describe barriers resulting from cognitive biases, listed in descending order of occurrence, including: risk aversion, social norms, choice overload, status quo bias, information overload, professional bias, and temporal discounting. Building practitioners can use these results to better understand potential cognitive biases, in turn allowing them to establish best practices and make more informed decisions. Researchers can use these results to empirically test specific decision interventions and facilitate more energy efficient decisions
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Requirements for building information modeling based lean production management systems for construction
Smooth flow of production in construction is hampered by disparity between individual trade teams' goals and the goals of stable production flow for the project as a whole. This is exacerbated by the difficulty of visualizing the flow of work in a construction project. While the addresses some of the issues in Building information modeling provides a powerful platform for visualizing work flow in control systems that also enable pull flow and deeper collaboration between teams on and off site. The requirements for implementation of a BIM-enabled pull flow construction management software system based on the Last
Planner System™, called ‘KanBIM’, have been specified, and a set of functional mock-ups of the proposed system has been implemented and evaluated in a series of three focus group workshops. The requirements cover the areas of maintenance of work flow stability, enabling negotiation and commitment between teams, lean production planning with sophisticated pull flow control, and effective communication and visualization of flow. The evaluation results show that the system holds the potential to improve work flow and reduce waste by providing both process and product visualization at the work face
An application of simulated annealing to the optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining structures
This paper reports on the application of a simulated annealing algorithm to the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete retaining structures. Cantilever retaining walls are investigated, being representative of reinforced concrete retaining structures that are required to resist a combination of earth and hydrostatic loading. To solve such a constrained optimisation problem, a modified simulated annealing algorithm is proposed that avoids the simple rejection of infeasible solutions and improves convergence to a minimum cost. The algorithm was implemented using an object-orientated visual programming language, offering facilities for continual monitoring, assessing and changing of the simulated annealing control parameters. Results show that the simulated annealing can be successfully applied to the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete retaining walls, overcoming the difficulties associated with the practical and realistic assessment of the structural costs and their complex inter-relationship with the imposed constraints on the solution space
Using Generic Summarization to Improve Music Information Retrieval Tasks
In order to satisfy processing time constraints, many MIR tasks process only
a segment of the whole music signal. This practice may lead to decreasing
performance, since the most important information for the tasks may not be in
those processed segments. In this paper, we leverage generic summarization
algorithms, previously applied to text and speech summarization, to summarize
items in music datasets. These algorithms build summaries, that are both
concise and diverse, by selecting appropriate segments from the input signal
which makes them good candidates to summarize music as well. We evaluate the
summarization process on binary and multiclass music genre classification
tasks, by comparing the performance obtained using summarized datasets against
the performances obtained using continuous segments (which is the traditional
method used for addressing the previously mentioned time constraints) and full
songs of the same original dataset. We show that GRASSHOPPER, LexRank, LSA,
MMR, and a Support Sets-based Centrality model improve classification
performance when compared to selected 30-second baselines. We also show that
summarized datasets lead to a classification performance whose difference is
not statistically significant from using full songs. Furthermore, we make an
argument stating the advantages of sharing summarized datasets for future MIR
research.Comment: 24 pages, 10 tables; Submitted to IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio,
Speech and Language Processin
The Emergence of Enterprise Systems Management - A Challenge to the IS Curriculum
This paper proposes four cornerstones of a future Information Systems curriculum. It analyzes the challenges of the IS curriculum based on the development of enterprise systems, and further argues that the practice and the research into enterprise systems have progressed to a new stage resulting in the emergence of Enterprise Systems Management (ESM). Enterprise Systems Management calls for new competences and consequently represents new challenges to the IS curriculum. The paper outlines potential teaching issues and discusses the impact on the IS curriculum. Finally the paper suggests ways of approaching the challenges.No; keywords
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Co-evolving problems and solutions: The case of novice interaction designers in Botswana and the UK
This paper establishes that problem-solution co-evolution is observed in novice interaction designers in the UK and Botswana. However, in the majority of Botswana protocols we could see a new type of co-evolution, which we termed solution-problem co-evolution. Solution- problem co-evolution uses ‘off the shelf’’ solutions to structure the problem space. Both types of co-evolution are described and discussed in this paper. The findings are drawn from the analysis of 18 (5 UK, 13 Botswana) 1-hour design protocols from two cohorts of students studying the same undergraduate Open University Interaction Design module, one in Botswana and one in the UK. Participants were required to complete a medical interaction design task under controlled conditions. We based our analysis on a coding scheme that was developed specifically for this protocol study. The coding scheme is based on Schön’s seminal work on reflective practice. It visually represents activities in the problem and solutions spaces
Cumulative Prospect Theory Based Dynamic Pricing for Shared Mobility on Demand Services
Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) is a modeling tool widely used in behavioral
economics and cognitive psychology that captures subjective decision making of
individuals under risk or uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a dynamic
pricing strategy for Shared Mobility on Demand Services (SMoDSs) using a
passenger behavioral model based on CPT. This dynamic pricing strategy together
with dynamic routing via a constrained optimization algorithm that we have
developed earlier, provide a complete solution customized for SMoDS of
multi-passenger transportation. The basic principles of CPT and the derivation
of the passenger behavioral model in the SMoDS context are described in detail.
The implications of CPT on dynamic pricing of the SMoDS are delineated using
computational experiments involving passenger preferences. These implications
include interpretation of the classic fourfold pattern of risk attitudes,
strong risk aversion over mixed prospects, and behavioral preferences of self
reference. Overall, it is argued that the use of the CPT framework corresponds
to a crucial building block in designing socio-technical systems by allowing
quantification of subjective decision making under risk or uncertainty that is
perceived to be otherwise qualitative.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, and has been accepted for publication at the
58th Annual Conference on Decision and Control, 201
Design of Sustainable Mixed Use Complex in Santa Clara, California
Lying in the heart of the Silicon Valley, the City of Santa Clara is a hotbed of development and has long been viewed as the model for rapid development, as the area needs to keep up with the demands of the rapidly growing technology industry. For this senior design project, the team decided to address this issue of massive urban growth by proposing a development design that is both sustainable and establishes a community feel that enhances local growth and business. The team drew initial inspiration from San Jose based The CORE Companies’ Agrihood project, a community development already in progress at the site that the team chose, across from Valley Fair Shopping Center. Using some of the basics of the already proposed Agrihood project, the team’s Santa Clara Sustainable Community (SCSC) focused on cultivating a community in which people work, play, and live while prioritizing sustainability to combat the rapid growth that the technology boom in the Silicon Valley is causing. The team has expanded the site to include and integrate the existing Veterans Center and also added and completely designed a cooperative workspace building that includes an updated Veterans Center with the goal of integration all parts of the community. In addition, the team designed the structural components of two apartment buildings, which will also be integrated, as opposed to separate buildings for different socioeconomic groups. Along with all of structural design and layout of the site, the team also designed all of the water resource components of the site including the potable, stormwater, and sanitary sewer design
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