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Optimal allocation of phasor measurement units using practical constraints in power systems
This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University London.The purpose of the research is to find a strategic placement of phasor measurement
units (PMUs) that can maintain the observability of the power system using a binary
variant of particle swarm optimisation method (BPSO). In recent years, integer linear
programming (ILP) is the common optimisation method used to solve this problem.
However, recent studies have shown that deterministic methods such as ILP are still
unable to find the most optimal placement of PMUs. Therefore, there is still room for
further investigation using heuristic algorithm due to its search-based nature. It is
important to determine the most strategic placement of PMUs to ensure that the PMUs are
fully utilised due to their expensive price tag. The challenge in using heuristic algorithm
lies in its weakness when involving large-sized problem since it is prone to stuck in local
optima as shown in earlier studies where most of them applied their proposed approach to
small bus systems. To prevent the BPSO method from being stuck in local optima, a
mutation strategy is proposed in addition to the V-shaped sigmoid function replacing the
S-shaped sigmoid function. The proposed method is designed to intensify the local search
of the algorithm around the current best solution to help instigate the particles from being
stuck in local optima and consequently finding a better solution. This is shown to be a
crucial factor based on the numerical results obtained where it outperforms all methods
for all bus systems tested including the IEEE 300-bus system in terms of measurement
redundancy and the number of PMUs. This study also considers other problem constraints
such as zero-injection bus, single PMU loss and also PMU’s channels limit. Most of the
existing studies considered PMU to have an unlimited number of channels whereas in
practical, PMU does have a finite number of channels that it can use.Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) and University Kuala Lumpur (UniKL