Demokrasi To-manurung Falsafah Politik Dari Bantaeng, Sulawesi Selatan

Tulisan ini memaparkan nilai-nilai budaya yang membentuk falsafah dan corak demokrasi masyarakat tradisional Bantaeng, di Sulawesi Selatan, berdasarkan atas hasil analisis dan interpretasi sebuah mitos politik mereka: mitos To-manurung. Analisis difokuskan pada miteme dan ceriteme yang dianggap mengandung informasi mengenai nilai-nilai politik dan sistem politik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mitos tersebut––yang menceritakan tentang tokoh To-manurung dan hubungannya dengan pemuka-pemuka masyarakat––mengandung nilai-nilai dan praktik demokrasi. Di sisi lain, mitos tersebut juga menunjukkan adanya nilai-nilai dan praktik politik yang lain di Bantaeng. Sistem nilai dan praktik seperti ini mencerminkan sebuah corak demokrasi tertentu, yang di sini disebut demokrasi To-manurung

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Leaves Extract Balangla (Litsea cubeba (Lour) Pers.) from Malinau, East Borneo

Balangla (Litsea cubeba) plant is used as traditional medicine by Dayak Kenyah tribe in East Kalimantan. It contains active compounds that are efficient to treat many human diseases and believed to have an antibacterial activity. The purposes of this study were to determine the phytochemical compounds of the balangla leaves and to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves L. cubeba. Respectively, various levels of ethanol extract of L. cubeba leaves viz: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% were used to examine its antibacterial activity against bacteria gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) by using pitting diffusion method. The results indicated that alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and steroids have been found as phytochemical compounds in the ethanol extracts of L. cubeba leaves. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of L. cubeba leaves against the test organisms had been determined and significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, forming a wide inhibition zone (15.91±0.950 mm) for S. aureus and (16.23±0.416 mm) for E. coli. Further, antibacterial activity of (L. cubeba) in-vitro had been justified on its utility in traditional medicines for the treatment of infections of bacterial origin

Evaluating Centering for Information Ordering Using Corpora

In this article we discuss several metrics of coherence defined using centering theory and investigate the usefulness of such metrics for information ordering in automatic text generation. We estimate empirically which is the most promising metric and how useful this metric is using a general methodology applied on several corpora. Our main result is that the simplest metric (which relies exclusively on NOCB transitions) sets a robust baseline that cannot be outperformed by other metrics which make use of additional centering-based features. This baseline can be used for the development of both text-to-text and concept-to-text generation systems. </jats:p

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Using genetic algorithms to create meaningful poetic text

Work carried out when all authors were at the University of Edinburgh.Peer reviewedPostprin