3,320 research outputs found
The challenges of deploying artificial intelligence models in a rapidly evolving pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2, emerged into a world being rapidly transformed by artificial
intelligence (AI) based on big data, computational power and neural networks.
The gaze of these networks has in recent years turned increasingly towards
applications in healthcare. It was perhaps inevitable that COVID-19, a global
disease propagating health and economic devastation, should capture the
attention and resources of the world's computer scientists in academia and
industry. The potential for AI to support the response to the pandemic has been
proposed across a wide range of clinical and societal challenges, including
disease forecasting, surveillance and antiviral drug discovery. This is likely
to continue as the impact of the pandemic unfolds on the world's people,
industries and economy but a surprising observation on the current pandemic has
been the limited impact AI has had to date in the management of COVID-19. This
correspondence focuses on exploring potential reasons behind the lack of
successful adoption of AI models developed for COVID-19 diagnosis and
prognosis, in front-line healthcare services. We highlight the moving clinical
needs that models have had to address at different stages of the epidemic, and
explain the importance of translating models to reflect local healthcare
environments. We argue that both basic and applied research are essential to
accelerate the potential of AI models, and this is particularly so during a
rapidly evolving pandemic. This perspective on the response to COVID-19, may
provide a glimpse into how the global scientific community should react to
combat future disease outbreaks more effectively.Comment: Accepted in Nature Machine Intelligenc
AI reflections in 2020
We invited authors of selected Comments and Perspectives published in Nature Machine Intelligence in the latter half of 2019 and first half of 2020 to describe how their topic has developed, what their thoughts are about the challenges of 2020, and what they look forward to in 2021.Postprint (author's final draft
Crime in the time of the plague: fake news pandemic and the challenges to law-enforcement and intelligence community
The Paper explores the problem of fake news and disinformation campaigns in the turmoil era of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The Author addresses the problem from the perspective of Crime Science, identifying the actual and potential impact of fake news propagation on both the social fabric and the work of the law-enforcement and security services. The Author covers various vectors of disinformation campaigns and offers the overview of challenges associated with the use of deep fakes and the abuse of Artificial Intelligence, Machine-, Deep- and Reinforcement-Learning technologies. The Paper provides the outline of preventive strategies that might be used to mitigate the consequences of fake news proliferation, including the introduction of counter-narratives and the use of AI as countermeasure available to the law-enforcement and public safety agencies. The Author also highlights other threats and forms of crime leveraging the pandemic crisis. As the Paper deals with the current and rapidly evolving phenomenon, it is based on qualitative research and uses the most up-to-date, reliable open-source information, including the Web-based material
EXAMINING THE ADOPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Digital transformation (DT) is considered to be a core priority for organisations and a strategy to strengthen their survival. With a myriad of new and evolving digital capabilities to initiate a DT process, it is often unclear how multi-stakeholders engage in exploring and exploiting new digital technologies and capabilities such as artificial intelligence (AI) during the early adoption phase. This study adopts the theory of organisational ambidexterity to examine how a higher education institution (HEI) adopted AI as part of its DT strategy. Our findings indicate that although multi-stakeholders set out with a shared high-level common vision, at an operational-level tensions emerge around defining DT and AI, realising value from AI, and determining their success. We identified how such tensions can both help or hinder a DT process in the early adoption process and we present recommendations to overcome these. We also present avenues for future research around AI in DT
A new framework for global data regulation
Under the current regulatory framework for data protections, the protection
of human rights writ large and the corresponding outcomes are regulated largely
independently from the data and tools that both threaten those rights and are
needed to protect them. This separation between tools and the outcomes they
generate risks overregulation of the data and tools themselves when not linked
to sensitive use cases. In parallel, separation risks under-regulation if the
data can be collected and processed under a less-restrictive framework, but
used to drive an outcome that requires additional sensitivity and restrictions.
A new approach is needed to support differential protections based on the
genuinely high-risk use cases within each sector. Here, we propose a regulatory
framework designed to apply not to specific data or tools themselves, but to
the outcomes and rights that are linked to the use of these data and tools in
context. This framework is designed to recognize, address, and protect a broad
range of human rights, including privacy, and suggests a more flexible approach
to policy making that is aligned with current engineering tools and practices.
We test this framework in the context of open banking and describe how current
privacy-enhancing technologies and other engineering strategies can be applied
in this context and that of contract tracing applications. This approach for
data protection regulations more effectively builds on existing engineering
tools and protects the wide range of human rights defined by legislation and
constitutions around the globe.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure
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