3 research outputs found
THE USE OF RULE-BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIENCE ON AUDIT JUDGMENTS
Rule-based expert systems (RBES) are currently the focus of a great deal of research interest. Most of that work, however, has concentrated on the development of such systems. There has not been much analysis of the resulting RBES. This paper examines two RBESs designed to make audit judgments. The knowledge bases of the initial prototype versions of each system contain the rules used by novice auditors. Each system was refined by having experienced auditors use the system to make the audit judgments for actual clients. The rules contained in the refined versions of each RBES thus represent the knowledge used by an experienced auditor to make a particular audit judgment. The effects of experience are then examined by comparing the rules in the initial prototype knowledge base to those contained in the refined version of each system. Experience appears to provide the capability to deal with exceptions to general rules and expectations
Examination of the Interaction of Elaboration Alternatives and Elaboration Placement on Expert System-Based Incidental Learning
Business Administratio
Recommended from our members
Modelling information usage and decision processes in new product introductions : an information-processing perspective.
The objective of this study is to understand the problem solving process used in new product introductions, and other unstructured business problems. I hope this understanding will contribute to improved decision support systems. Based on Cognitive psychology theories (in particular, Anderson, 1983, 1987), a set of propositions were outlined and investigated by using a computer model. One application of the expert system shell, used here, is to try to model the expert\u27s knowledge. The shell is used to develop a system that simulates the expert\u27s approach to problem solving. The differences between this application and expert system development, are: (i) the focus is on trying to understand the mind of the expert, instead of trying to replace him; and (ii) the problem area is ill-structured, instead of narrow and well-defined. The introduction of new products into markets is an example of an ill-structured problem, in a business setting. In particular, identifying opportunities is to create new products--their future growth and competitiveness often depends on this. The method adopted, computer simulation, has both advantages and limitations. The advantages include: (i) in-depth analysis of the problem-solving process; (ii) operationalizing the theory; and (iii) producing a program that can act as a research vehicle for future projects. The limitations are: (i) small sample size; (ii) lack of clear-cut validation procedures; and (iii) dependence on shell features. The findings, for the most part, supported the propositions (i) The expert model clearly had more procedural knowledge than the textbook model. This supports the proceduralization theory of skill acquisition. (ii) Reasoning by analogy was used by both expert and novices. The use of weak methods by the expert does not support the theory. (iii) The expert adopted a forward reasoning strategy within a task agenda. This supports the hierarchical goal structure theory of Anderson. (iv) The use of soft information was also observed