1,837 research outputs found
Development of the family doctor service: an evolutionary game theory analysis
Family physicians play a prominent role in the primary health care
system of several countries and regions. This study examined family
doctors, community residents, and general hospitals, and found that
their behaviour and decisions were inevitably affected by multiple
economic concerns. To explore the influence of these economic factors,
we established a tripartite evolutionary game model. Based on
this dynamic game model, we examined the equilibrium of their
interactions, effects of relevant parameters, and evolution trends of
different scenarios. The main result shows that the participation of
general hospitals is crucial to the construction of the family doctor
service; that is, to develop the family doctor service, the government
should focus on financial compensation for general hospitals rather
than for family doctors.We further concluded that the compensation
mechanism of contracted services plays a vital role in attracting
physicians’ participation; thus, policymakers should consider these in
different stages of the promotion of the family doctor service
Governance mechanisms for chronic disease diagnosis and treatment systems in the post-pandemic era
“Re-visits and drug renewal” is difficult for chronic disease patients during COVID-19 and will continue in the post-pandemic era. To overcome this dilemma, the scenario of chronic disease diagnosis and treatment systems was set, and an evolutionary game model participated by four stakeholder groups including physical medical institutions, medical service platforms, intelligent medical device providers, and chronic disease patients, was established. Ten possible evolutionary stabilization strategies (ESSs) with their mandatory conditions were found based on Lyapunov's first method. Taking cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the top 1 prevalent chronic disease, as a specific case context, and resorting to the MATLAB simulation, it is confirmed that several dual ESSs and four unique ESS circumstances exist, respectively, and the evolution direction is determined by initial conditions, while the evolution speed is determined by the values of the conditions based on the quantitative relations of benefits, costs, etc. Accordingly, four governance mechanisms were proposed. By their adjustment, the conditions along with their values can be interfered, and then the chronic disease diagnosis and treatment systems can be guided toward the desired direction, that is, toward the direction of countermeasure against the pandemic, government guidance, global trends of medical industry development, social welfare, and lifestyle innovation. The dilemma of “Re-visits and drug renewal” actually reflects the uneven distribution problem of qualified medical resources and the poor impact resistance capability of social medical service systems under mass public emergency. Human lifestyle even the way of working all over the world will get a spiral upgrade after experiencing COVID-19, such as consumption, and meeting, while medical habits react not so rapidly, especially for mid or aged chronic disease patients. We believe that telemedicine empowered by intelligent medical devices can benefit them and will be a global trend, governments and the four key stakeholders should act according to the governance mechanisms suggested here simultaneously toward novel social medical ecosystems for the post-pandemic era
A new track for technology: Can ICT take care for healthier lifestyles?
The paper takes a look on potential contribution of Information and Communication Technologies to abate public health challenges caused by demographics and lifestyle. From the current convergence of mhealth, and sport market products emerge targeting normal athletes to control their training in a quantified manner. The resulting feedback and transparency foster a healthier lifestyle. These products and services help overcome limitations to innovation typical to the health care market. The paper is based on research by the European Commission's Institute for Prospective Technological Studies on Integrated Personal Health/Care services. --eHealth,Integrated Personal Health/Care services,sport,training,lifestyle related disease,innovation
Digital Transformation and Public Services
Through a series of studies, the overarching aim of this book is to investigate if and how the digitalization/digital transformation process affects various welfare services provided by the public sector, and the ensuing implications thereof. Ultimately, this book seeks to understand if it is conceivable for digital advancement to result in the creation of private/non-governmental alternatives to welfare services, possibly in a manner that transcends national boundaries. This study also investigates the possible ramifications of technological development for the public sector and the Western welfare society at large.
This book takes its point of departure from the 2016 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report that targets specific public service areas in which government needs to adopt new strategies not to fall behind. Specifically, this report emphasizes the focus on digitalization of health care/social care, education, and protection services, including the use of assistive technologies referred to as "digital welfare." Hence, this book explores the factors potentially leading to whether state actors could be overrun by other non-governmental actors, disrupting the current status quo of welfare services.
The book seeks to provide an innovative, enriching, and controversial take on society at large and how various aspects of the public sector can be, and are, affected by the ongoing digitalization process in a way that is not covered by extant literature on the market. This book takes its point of departure in Sweden given the fact that Sweden is one of the most digitalized countries in Europe, according to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), making it a pertinent research case. However, as digitalization transcends national borders, large parts of the subject matter take on an international angle. This includes cases from several other countries around Europe as well as the United States
Agent Alignment in Evolving Social Norms
Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly permeating
various domains of human production and life, highlighting the importance of
aligning them with human values. The current alignment of AI systems primarily
focuses on passively aligning LLMs through human intervention. However, agents
possess characteristics like receiving environmental feedback and
self-evolution, rendering the LLM alignment methods inadequate. In response, we
propose an evolutionary framework for agent evolution and alignment, named
EvolutionaryAgent, which transforms agent alignment into a process of evolution
and selection under the principle of survival of the fittest. In an environment
where social norms continuously evolve, agents better adapted to the current
social norms will have a higher probability of survival and proliferation,
while those inadequately aligned dwindle over time. Experimental results
assessing the agents from multiple perspectives in aligning with social norms
demonstrate that EvolutionaryAgent can align progressively better with the
evolving social norms while maintaining its proficiency in general tasks.
Effectiveness tests conducted on various open and closed-source LLMs as the
foundation for agents also prove the applicability of our approach.Comment: Work in progres
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