839 research outputs found
An approach to construct a three-dimensional isogeometric model from µ-CT scan data with an application to the bridge of a violin
We present an algorithm to build a ready to use isogeometric model from scan data gained by a µ-CT scan. Based on a three-dimensional multi-patch reference geometry, which includes the major topological features, we fit the outline, then the cross-section and finally the three-dimensional geometry. The key step is to fit the outline, where a non-linear least squares problem is solved with a Gauss-Newton approach presented by Borges and Pastva (2002). We extend this approach by a regularisation and a precise interpolation of selected data points. The resulting NURBS geometry is ready for applying isogeometric analysis tools for efficient numerical simulations. As a particular example we examine the scan data of a violin bridge and present the complete workflow from the µ-CT scan up to the numerical simulation based on isogeometric mortar methods. We illustrate the relevance of the constructed geometry with a vibro-acoustical application
A new method for generic three dimensional human face modelling for emotional bio-robots
Existing 3D human face modelling methods are confronted with difficulties in
applying flexible control over all facial features and generating a great number of
different face models. The gap between the existing methods and the requirements of
emotional bio-robots applications urges the creation of a generic 3D human face
model. This thesis focuses on proposing and developing two new methods involved
in the research of emotional bio-robots: face detection in complex background
images based on skin colour model and establishment of a generic 3D human face
model based on NURBS. The contributions of this thesis are:
A new skin colour based face detection method has been proposed and
developed. The new method consists of skin colour model for skin regions
detection and geometric rules for distinguishing faces from detected regions. By
comparing to other previous methods, the new method achieved better results of
detection rate of 86.15% and detection speed of 0.4-1.2 seconds without any
training datasets.
A generic 3D human face modelling method is proposed and developed. This
generic parametric face model has the abilities of flexible control over all facial
features and generating various face models for different applications. It includes:
The segmentation of a human face of 21 surface features. These surfaces have
34 boundary curves. This feature-based segmentation enables the independent
manipulation of different geometrical regions of human face.
The NURBS curve face model and NURBS surface face model. These two
models are built up based on cubic NURBS reverse computation. The
elements of the curve model and surface model can be manipulated to change
the appearances of the models by their parameters which are obtained by
NURBS reverse computation.
A new 3D human face modelling method has been proposed and implemented
based on bi-cubic NURBS through analysing the characteristic features and
boundary conditions of NURBS techniques. This model can be manipulated
through control points on the NURBS facial features to build any specific
face models for any kind of appearances and to simulate dynamic facial
expressions for various applications such as emotional bio-robots, aesthetic
surgery, films and games, and crime investigation and prevention, etc
Emergent phenomena in frustrated spin systems
This thesis deals with frustration effects in spin models. An analytical study of critical phenomena in three-dimensional hyperbolic space is undertaken and a new critical fixed point is shown to exist. Moreover, the so-called "windmill spin model" is studied using various Monte Carlo algorithms and analytical calculations
Similarity reasoning for local surface analysis and recognition
This thesis addresses the similarity assessment of digital shapes, contributing to the analysis of surface characteristics that are independent of the global shape but are crucial to identify a model as belonging to the same manufacture, the same origin/culture or the same typology (color, common decorations, common feature elements, compatible style elements, etc.). To face this problem, the interpretation of the local surface properties is crucial.
We go beyond the retrieval of models or surface patches in a collection of models, facing the recognition of geometric patterns across digital models with different overall shape. To address this challenging problem, the use of both engineered and learning-based descriptions are investigated, building one of the first contributions towards the localization and identification of geometric patterns on digital surfaces. Finally, the recognition of patterns adds a further perspective in the exploration of (large) 3D data collections, especially in the cultural heritage domain.
Our work contributes to the definition of methods able to locally characterize the geometric and colorimetric surface decorations. Moreover, we showcase our benchmarking activity carried out in recent years on the identification of geometric features and the retrieval of digital models completely characterized by geometric or colorimetric patterns
Relationships between observed pore and pore-throat geometries, measured porosity and permeability, and indirect measures of pore volume by nuclear magnetic resonance
Carbonate reservoirs are a network of pores and connecting pore-throats that
contain at least half of the world's oil. Genetic classification of carbonate pores enables
one to map the pore types that have greatest influence on reservoir performance.
Though NMR logging has been used to estimate pore sizes, it has not been used to
identify genetic pore types or to aid in determinations of reservoir quality for different
pore assemblages.
Five genetic pore types identified in 40 carbonate and 7 sandstone samples were
subjected to NMR measurements. Results reveal close correspondence between NMRderived
pore volumes and 2-D pore size and shape gleaned from petrographic image
analysis. Comparisons of real and synthetic pore shapes showed that shapes of all pore
types in the medium size range of 0.02-0.5mm can be reliably compared with synthetic
varieties, but such comparisons were unreliable for vuggy pores smaller than 0.5mm. T2
relaxation times for depositional pores exhibit low amplitude, narrow wavelength
responses. Moldic pores produced medium amplitude, asymmetrical wavelength responses, and intercrystalline pores show high amplitude, narrow wavelength
responses. NMR-derived pore volumes on pores with ferroan dolomite interiors
underestimated pore diameter by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Calculated pore-throat
sizes from MICP data correlate strongly with measured permeability.
Samples with high, intermediate, or low poroperm values displayed characteristic
T2 curves confirming that reservoir quality can be estimated from NMR measurements.
Future work is expected to show that NMR logging can estimate reservoir quality at
field scale and aid in mapping flow units in compartmentalized reservoirs
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Optophone design: optical-to-auditory vision substitution for the blind
An optophone is a device that turns light into sound for the benefit of blind people. The present project is intended to produce a general-purpose optophone to be worn on the head about the house and in the street, to give the wearer a detailed description in sound of the'scene he is facing. The device will therefore consist'of an'electronic camera, some signal-processing electronics, earphones`, and a battery. The two major problems are the derivation of (a) the most suitable mapping from images to sounds, and (b) an algorithm to perform the mapping in real'time on existing electronic components. This thesis concerns problem (a). Chapter 2 goes into the general scene-to-sound mapping problem in some detail'and presents the work of earlier investigators. Chapter 3 1- discusses the design of tests to evaluate the performance of candidate mappings. A theoretical performance test (TPT) is derived. Chapter 4 applies the TPT to the most obvious mapping, the cartesian piano transform. Chapter 5 applies the TPT to a mapping based on the cosine transform. Chapter 6 attempts to derive a mapping by principal component analysis, using the inaccuracies of human sight and hearing and the statistical properties of real scenes and sounds. Chapter 7 presents a complete scheme, implemented in software, for representing digitised colour scenes by audible digitised stereo sound. Chapter 8 tries to decide how'many numbers are required to specify a steady spectrum with no noticeable degradation. Chapter 9 looks'at a scheme designed to produce more natural-sounding sounds related to more meaningful portions of the scene. This scheme maps windows in the scene to steady spectral patterns of short duration, the location of the window being conveyed by simulated free-field listening. Chapter 10 gives detailed recommendations as to further work
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