An overview of the Copernicus C4I architecture

The purpose of this thesis is to provide the reader with an overview of the U.S. Navy's Copernicus C4I Architecture. The acronym "C4I" emphasizes the intimate relationship between command, control, communications and intelligence, as well as their significance to the modern day warrior. Never in the history of the U.S> Navy has the importance of an extremely flexible C4I architecture been made more apparent than in the last decade. Included are discussions of the Copernicus concept, its command and control doctrine, its architectural goals and components, and Copernicus-related programs. Also included is a discussion on joint service efforts and the initiatives being conducted by the U.S. Marine Corps, the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Army. Finally, a discussion of the Copernicus Phase I Requirements Definition Document's compliance with the acquisition process as required by DoD Instruction 5000.2 is presented.http://archive.org/details/overviewofcopern00dearLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Joint Doctrine Ontology: A Benchmark for Military Information Systems Interoperability

When the U.S. conducts warfare, elements of a force are drawn from different services and work together as a single team to accomplish an assigned mission. To achieve such unified action, it is necessary that the doctrines governing the actions of members of specific services be both consistent with and subservient to joint Doctrine. Because warfighting today increasingly involves not only live forces but also automated systems, unified action requires that information technology that is used in joint warfare must be aligned with joint doctrine. It requires also that the separate information systems used by the different elements of a joint force must be interoperable, in the sense that data and information that is generated by each element must be usable (understandable, processable) by all the other elements that need them. Currently, such interoperability is impeded by multiple inconsistencies among the different data and software standards used by warfighters. We describe here the on-going project of creating a Joint Doctrine Ontology (JDO), which uses joint doctrine to provide shared computer-accessible content valid for any field of military endeavor, organization, and information system. JDO addresses the two previously mentioned requirements of unified action by providing a widely applicable benchmark for use by developers of information systems that will both guarantee alignment with joint doctrine and support interoperability

An assessment of the Marine Tactical Command and Control System (MTACCS)

This thesis is an assessment of the current efforts in the development of a Marine Corps Tactical Command and Control System (MTACCS). The Marine Corps has been developing MTACCS for more than twenty years. The recent cancellation of a key component subsystem and the DOD reorganization efforts of the late 1980's caused a two year period of dormancy in this program. The driving goal of this assessment is to develop an understanding of the strengths and the possible risks inherent in the "revitalized" program that is now in renewed development. The assessment effort examines the history of the program, the feasibility of the new concept, cost-effectiveness, systems engineering, and interoperability. Conclusions stress the importance of doctrinal consensus, adequate requirements definition, engineering the system as a whole, and evolutionary acquisition in the development of modern command and control systems.http://archive.org/details/assessmentofmari00cochCaptain, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Summary Of The Second Army DIS Data Call: Technical Report

Report identifying user requirements, such as operational needs and corresponding functional requirements, so that effective decisions can be made regarding ongoing DIS development and use

INCORPORATING RADIO FREQUENCY MESH NETWORKS TO LINK LIVE, VIRTUAL, CONSTRUCTIVE TRAINING

Given the importance of modeling and simulation (M&S) for creating realistic training environments and employing or developing tactical systems for warfighters, the Department of Defense is turning toward live, virtual, constructive (LVC) simulations as a means to prepare and equip our military for the next war. M&S offers a unique competency for modeling emergent enemy behaviors in constructive simulations on virtual battlefields across the globe. Transferring these dynamic tactical actions to live command and control (C2) systems used during training can create decision-making opportunities for distributed units to react to and act upon. The research conducted in this thesis assessed, developed, and implemented an appropriate LVC environment that can be used in training for tactical convoy operations in the Marine Corps. We developed a robust mesh network connected to a personal computer running a constructive simulation to create dynamic tracks on handheld, Android-based C2 systems. Using low-bandwidth radios to create the network, we were able to create a rich, tactically realistic training environment while minimally increasing the combat load of our Marines. The system we created has the same functionality of the blue force tracker (BFT). Because the BFT is no longer funded, we recommend the LVC solution we created for this thesis as a potential replacement with embedded training capabilities.Captain, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. distribution is unlimite

EQUIPPING THE NMESIS BATTERY

As the Marine Corps seeks to meet the strategic guidance set forth in the 2018 National Defense Strategy, the organization must replace legacy weapons systems that are less effective within the littoral combat area. As part of the Navy and Marine Corps Expeditionary Ship Interdiction System (NMESIS), the Marine Corps will incorporate the Naval Strike Missile (NSM) as one capability that will contribute to the Navy's freedom of maneuver within an enemy's weapon engagement zone (WEZ). Designated as the ROGUE-Fires system, the Marine Corps solution is an unmanned Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) that has the ability to mount either the NSM or the Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) family of munitions. This study's purpose is to assess the ideal equipping solution to ensure a NMESIS battery can accomplish its Training and Readiness (T&R) standards, assuming that it will be financially unfeasible to equip each unit with a full complement of 18 systems per battery. By limiting systems per battery in CONUS, the Marine Corps can reallocate additional funds toward replacing other legacy systems identified in Force Design 2030. Data used in the study included Total Force Training requirements, MOS-specific training objectives, and current unmanned system operators training objectives to formulate an example of likely T&R standards for a NMESIS battery.Major, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Semantic correlation of behavior for the interoperability of heterogeneous simulations

A desirable goal of military simulation training is to provide large scale or joint exercises to train personnel at higher echelons. To help meet this goal, many of the lower echelon combatants must consist of computer generated forces with some of these echelons composed of units from different simulations. The object of the research described is to correlate the behaviors of entities in different simulations so that they can interoperate with one another to support simulation training. Specific source behaviors can be translated to a form in terms of general behaviors which can then be correlated to any desired specific destination simulation behavior without prior knowledge of the pairing. The correlation, however, does not result in 100% effectiveness because most simulations have different semantics and were designed for different training needs. An ontology of general behaviors and behavior parameters, a database of source behaviors written in terms of these general behaviors with a database of destination behaviors. This comparison is based upon the similarity of sub-behaviors and the behavior parameters. Source behaviors/parameters may be deemed similar based upon their sub-behaviors or sub-parameters and their relationship (more specific or more general) to destination behaviors/parameters. As an additional constraint for correlation, a conversion path from all required destination parameters to a source parameter must be found in order for the behavior to be correlated and thus executed. The length of this conversion path often determines the similarity for behavior parameters, both source and destination. This research has shown, through a set of experiments, that heuristic metrics, in conjunction with a corresponding behavior and parameter ontology, are sufficient for the correlation of heterogeneous simulation behavior. These metrics successfully correlated known pairings provided by experts and provided reasonable correlations for behaviors that have no corresponding destination behavior. For different simulations, these metrics serve as a foundation for more complex methods of behavior correlation

Terrain Representation And Reasoning In Computer Generated Forces : A Survey Of Computer Generated Forces Systems And How They Represent And Reason About Terrain

Report on a survey of computer systems used to produce realistic or intelligent behavior by autonomous entities in simulation systems. In particular, it is concerned with the data structures used by computer generated forces systems to represent terrain and the algorithmic approaches used by those systems to reason about terrain

Integrated Eagle/BDS-D Research Resolution Of Behavior Representation Methods Of CCTT SAF And ModSAF Interim Report: Behavior Representation Integration Techniques

Report on the first engineering change proposal, including track Eagle units within computer generated forces testbed, base Eagle unit detection on line of sight, platoon and batallion disaggregation, and manned simulators