5 research outputs found
IoT Based Architecture for Basketball Supervision
Basketball is one of the most played games in the world with a huge amount of fan following and has a great number of basketballers. Sometimes players get severe lower body wounds such as ankle sprains, shortage of breath, head, teeth, hand, and fingers. Female players have a higher risk of knee injuries than male players. These are health issues that players face while playing basketball. Sports organizations spend millions to train fresh basketball players or for the development of the previous basketball players. The internet of things (IoT) made everyday things readable, controllable and recognizable through the internet and the wireless sensor networks. It is simply the network of interconnected devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity modules.Nowadays, with this growing technology it is possible to protect the life of players in the game as well as in training sessions, if we detect the problems early in players and appropriate actions will be taken to reduce adverse health effects which can be very dangerous. In this paper, we will propose an architecturefor basketball based on the internet of things (IoT). The main goal behind this approach is to introduce a healthcare system based upon sensors, actuators, devices and telecommunication technologies to communicating real-time stats
Packet Analysis of DNP3 protocol over TCP/IP at an Electrical Substation Grid modelled in OPNET
In this paper Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)
that use ethernet for communicating with substation devices on
the grid where modelled in OPNET. There is a need to test the
communication protocol performance over the network. A
model for the substation communication network was
implemented in OPNET. This was done for ESKOM, which is
the electrical power generation and distribution authority in
South Africa. The substation communication model consists of
10 ethernet nodes which simulate protection Intelligent
Electronic Devices (IEDs), 13 ethernet switches, a server which
simulates the substation Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) and the
DNP3 Protocol over TCP/IP simulated on the model. DNP3 is a
protocol that can be used in a power utility computer network
to provide communication service for the grid components. It
was selected as the communication protocol because it is widely
used in the energy sector in South Africa. The network load and
packet delay parameters were sampled when 10%, 50%, 90%
and 100% of devices are online. Analysis of the results showed
that with an increase in number of nodes there was an increase
in packet delay as well as the network load. The load on the
network should be taken into consideration when designing a
substation communication network that requires a quick
response such as a smart gird.University of South AfricaElectrical and Mining Engineerin
Evaluating of DNP3 protocol over serial eastern operating unit substations and improving SCADA performance
A thesis which models the DNP3 and IEC 61850 protocol in OPNETSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a critical part of monitoring and
controlling of the electrical substation. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the
performance of the Distributed Network Protocol Version 3.3 (DNP3) protocol and to compare
its performance to that of International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 61850 protocol in
an electrical substation communication network environment. Building an electrical substation
control room and installing the network equipment was going to be expensive and take a lot of
time. The better option was to build a model of the electrical substation communication
network and run simulations.
Riverbend modeller academic edition known as Optimized Network Engineering Tool
(OPNET) was chosen as a software package to model substation communication network,
DNP3 protocol and IEC 61850 Protocol stack. Modelling the IEC 61850 protocol stack on
OPNET involved building the used Open System Interconnection (OSI) layers of the IEC
61850 protocol stack onto the application definitions of OPNET. The Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) configuration settings of DNP3 protocol were also
modelled on the OPNET application definitions. The aim is to compare the two protocols and
determine which protocol is the best performing one in terms of throughput, data delay and
latency.
The substation communication model consists of 10 ethernet nodes which simulate protection
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), 13 ethernet switches, a server which simulates the
substation Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) and the DNP3 Protocol over TCP/IP simulated on the
model. DNP3 is a protocol that can be used in a power utility computer network to provide
communication service for the grid components. DNP3 protocol is currently used at Eskom as
the communication protocol because it is widely used by equipment vendors in the energy
sector. DNP3 protocol will be modelled before being compared to the new recent robust
protocol IEC 61850 in the same model and determine which protocol is the best for Eskom on
the network of the power grid. The network load and packet delay parameters were sampled
when 10%, 50%, 90% and 100% of devices are online.
The IEC 61850 protocol model has three scenarios and they are normal operation of a
Substation, maintenance in a Substation and Buszone operation at a Substation. In these
scenarios packet end to end delay of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE),
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© University of South Africa 2020
Generic Substation Status Event (GSSE), Sampled Values (SV) and Manufacturing Messaging
Specification (MMS) messages are monitored. The throughput from the IED under
maintenance and the throughput at the Substation RTU end is monitored in the model. Analysis
of the results of the DNP3 protocol simulation showed that with an increase in number of nodes
there was an increase in packet delay as well as the network load. The load on the network
should be taken into consideration when designing a substation communication network that
requires a quick response such as a smart gird. GOOSE, GSSE, SV results on the IEC 61850
model met all the requirements of the IEC 61850 standard and the MMS did not meet all the
requirements of the IEC standard. The design of the substation communication network using
IEC 61850 will assist when trying to predict the behavior of the network with regards to this
specific protocol during maintenance and when there are faults in the communication network
or IED’s. After the simulation of the DNP3 protocol and the IEC 61850 the throughput of
DNP3 protocol was determined to be in the range (20 – 450) kbps and the throughput of
IEC61850 protocol was determined to be in the range (1.6 – 16) Mbps.College of Engineering, Science and TechnologyM. Tech. (Electrical Engineering
Recent Development of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Abstract: The use of renewable energies continues to increase. However, the energy obtained from renewable resources is variable over time. The amount of energy produced from the renewable energy sources (RES) over time depends on the meteorological conditions of the region chosen, the season, the relief, etc. So, variable power and nonguaranteed energy produced by renewable sources implies intermittence of the grid. The key lies in supply sources integrated to a hybrid system (HS)