A Narratology-Based Framework for Storyline Extraction

Stories are a pervasive phenomenon of human life. They also represent a cognitive tool to understand and make sense of the world and of its happenings. In this contribution we describe a narratology-based framework for modeling stories as a combination of different data structures and to automatically extract them from news articles. We introduce a distinction among three data structures (timelines, causelines, and storylines) that capture different narratological dimensions, respectively chronological ordering, causal connections, and plot structure. We developed the Circumstantial Event Ontology (CEO) for modeling (implicit) circumstantial relations as well as explicit causal relations and create two benchmark corpora: ECB+/CEO, for causelines, and the Event Storyline Corpus (ESC), for storylines. To test our framework and the difficulty in automatically extract causelines and storylines, we develop a series of reasonable baseline system

Exploring the Transformational Potential of Adventure Tourism Experiences: Encounters and Connections with Nature

Transformational tourism has been defined in a variety of ways, ranging from purposeful seeking of self-transformation (Ross, 2010), to incidental experiences of personal growth (Lean, 2012). Considered highly personal, transformation through tourism is dependent on a multitude of variables that may contribute to personal change (Reisinger, 2013a) and positively impact attitudes and values (Christie and Mason, 2003). The existing research on transformational tourism uses samples of tourists who identify as having been transformed by travel in multiple contexts (Lean, 2012; Kirillova et al., 2017ab; Robledo and Batle, 2017). This is significant as whilst many studies have explored transformation through travelling, few have explored specific aspects that result in a transformational experience (Ross, 2010), warranting exploration of how practitioners can facilitate these experiences (Robledo and Batle, 2017). This research uses a case study approach to explore how transformational experiences can be guided by an adventure tourism provider in the UK. This study therefore answers Lean’s (2009) call for research into transformational tourism that minimises the philosophical context by exploring it at an operator level. Specifically, this PhD considers how adventure experiences may instigate wellbeing transformations and pro-environmental transformations through connecting with nature. This lessens the elusiveness of transformational tourism by narrowing the focus (Sampaio et al., 2014). A constructivist philosophy and multiphase and mixed methods design was implemented, capturing the views of tourists, provider, and researcher through prospective, active, and reflective stages. The research used interviews with management, autoethnography, tourist questionnaires, narrative cartography, netnographic analysis, and follow-up interviews with tourists. This research design offers a more holistic perspective on transformational tourism than previous single method studies.This study contributes to knowledge by suggesting that more research should be undertaken to reveal the important role tourism providers play as co-creators of transformational adventure tourism experiences. The adventure guides were found to be integral in translating a tourist’s negative emotions such as fear, to positive eudaimonic outcomes such as personal growth. The research revealed nature as a co-creator of the transformational experience, with kayaking and coasteering allowing physical and emotional closeness to the natural environment. These activities facilitated new perspectives on nature and encouraged connection through small moments alongside traditional adrenalin-based adventure. The findings uncovered the role of family members as co-creators, demonstrating the profound experience of witnessing a loved one’s transformation. Coasteering provided a sense of authentic adventure to tourists of varied ages and abilities, demonstrating how transformation is possible within a half-day activity. For some tourists, meaningful experiences created appreciation for nature, whilst for others guilt and fear were prominent motivators for pro-environmental behaviours. These findings suggest the need for a transformation of motivations for pro-environmental behaviour, encouraging connection to nature felt during adventure to transcend the experience and positively impact pro-environmental behaviours. An outcome of this study is a new conceptual model ‘Multi-Transformational Adventure Tourism Experiences’. This framework highlights the characteristics, co-creators, transformational triggers, and outcomes of adventure tourism experiences. The research provides practical and theoretical recommendations around the transformational potential of adventure tourism experiences through encounters and connection with nature

Unthought, or, A contribution to leadership scholarship from a Chinese perspective – based on François Jullien’s work : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management at Massey University, Albany campus, New Zealand

This theoretical thesis is based on the work of French philosopher François Jullien. The thesis considers issues and challenges in existing leadership scholarship as an outcome of the Western cultural lens. Jullien’s work investigates Western and Chinese thinking traditions and recognises that the emergence of a cultural scholarship is heavily influenced by the ways the sensory world is categorised. The categorisation of reality on the basis of ‘being’ influences aspects of the sensory world a scholar is attentive to and created conditions for the emergence of Western scholarship. The Chinese ideographical language categorised the world on the basis of motion and produced a scholarship that is attentive to silent motions in the sensory world and not identifiable “being” and studies the propensity of things and not identity. By taking a Chinese perspective to reinvestigate Western thinking and vice versa, Jullien’s work makes a contribution by uncovering how separate cultural traditions contribute to each other by revealing insights that are unavailable from only one cultural scholarship (Jullien, 2014, 2015). Jullien calls the knowledge that emerges from between cultural thoughts unthought. This thesis aims to address the question of How can François Jullien’s work contribute to contemporary leadership studies? Following Jullien’s approach, I investigate leadership through a Chinese lens provided by Jullien’s work and uncover unthought in existing leadership scholarship by revealing insights about leadership from a Chinese perspective. This insight adds to leadership knowledge and provides alternative ways of approaching leadership through silent tendencies behind the emergence of identifiable aspects of leadership

Position practices of the present-day CFO: a reflection on historic roles at Guinness, 1920-1945

AbstractContemporary studies of Chief Financial Officers (CFO) paint a picture of the role pre-1960 as being reflective of a more transactional one. Historical research sheds some doubt on this, and tends not to separate the role from its occupier. We provide an analysis of such a role in a large brewery from about 1920 to 1945. Drawing on the concept of position-practices, our results suggest that a CFO-predecessor role was informed by existing position-practices, which are separately identifiable from the occupier of the role itself. Some of the position-practices are recognizable in contemporary CFO roles. Importantly, focusing on the role as opposed to the occupier, gives our study potential to more broadly inform future research on the contemporary role

Knowledge representation and text mining in biomedical, healthcare, and political domains

Knowledge representation and text mining can be employed to discover new knowledge and develop services by using the massive amounts of text gathered by modern information systems. The applied methods should take into account the domain-specific nature of knowledge. This thesis explores knowledge representation and text mining in three application domains. Biomolecular events can be described very precisely and concisely with appropriate representation schemes. Protein–protein interactions are commonly modelled in biological databases as binary relationships, whereas the complex relationships used in text mining are rich in information. The experimental results of this thesis show that complex relationships can be reduced to binary relationships and that it is possible to reconstruct complex relationships from mixtures of linguistically similar relationships. This encourages the extraction of complex relationships from the scientific literature even if binary relationships are required by the application at hand. The experimental results on cross-validation schemes for pair-input data help to understand how existing knowledge regarding dependent instances (such those concerning protein–protein pairs) can be leveraged to improve the generalisation performance estimates of learned models. Healthcare documents and news articles contain knowledge that is more difficult to model than biomolecular events and tend to have larger vocabularies than biomedical scientific articles. This thesis describes an ontology that models patient education documents and their content in order to improve the availability and quality of such documents. The experimental results of this thesis also show that the Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation measures are a viable option for the automatic evaluation of textual patient record summarisation methods and that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve can be used in a large-scale sentiment analysis. The sentiment analysis of Reuters news corpora suggests that the Western mainstream media portrays China negatively in politics-related articles but not in general, which provides new evidence to consider in the debate over the image of China in the Western media

Faultless Guilt: Toward a Relationship-Based Account of Criminal Liability

There is in the criminal law perhaps no principle more canonical than the fault principle, which holds that one may be punished only where one is blameworthy, and one is blameworthy only where one is at fault. Courts, criminal law scholars, moral philosophers, and textbook authors all take the fault principle to be the foundational requirement for a just criminal law. Indeed, perceived threats to the fault principle in the midtwentieth century yielded no less an achievement than the drafting of the Model Penal Code, which had as its guiding purpose an effort to safeguard faultless conduct from criminal condemnation. Yet notwithstanding its pedigree and predominance, I believe that the fault principle is false: Fault is not in fact necessary for one to deserve blame and punishment. Instead, and as made plain by the broader account of guilt I shall articulate here, one can be blameworthy, and so deserve punishment, even if one committed no element of the crime, and merely because one bears a particular kind of relationship to the criminal. Just when and why relationships, rather than fault, ought to ground criminal liability is what I seek to elucidate here. To that end, the Article first interrogates the (very few) arguments made on behalf of the fault principle and finds these wanting. The Article then presents cases and examples that illustrate how it is that one could be blameworthy even though one is not at fault. Finally, the Article considers the criminal law implications for individuals who are blameworthy without fault, and it concludes that at least some of these individuals deserve prosecution and punishment. This conclusion should not only shift our thinking about the conceptual relationships between blame, fault, guilt, culpability, and criminal liability. It should also awaken us to salutary practical possibilities. For the Article’s account, we shall see, ultimately provides a way to prosecute individuals who are widely regarded as deserving criminal punishment (e.g., executives at banks responsible for the financial crisis) but whom the fault principle currently places outside of the criminal law’s reach