7,209 research outputs found
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An investigation into the cultural and legal factors influencing the differential prosecution rate for female genital mutilation in England and France
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a problem that both England and France face. Both countries agree that FGM is a criminal offence and that it constitutes child abuse. Accordingly, each nation has taken its own distinct measures in law and policy against the practice. These approaches have produced significantly divergent outcomes, particularly in the prosecution rates of offenders, with France leading in that regard.
This thesis seeks to understand why criminal justice outcomes differ so significantly between the two nations, despite many parallels between the historical and contemporary contexts of these two Western European neighbours. In order to do this, it seeks to explore the overarching, systemic forces at play within both paradigms, what the author has termed âthe Mediumâ. Furthermore, given that FGM within both France and England is a product of migrant communities having transported cultural practices into their new context, particular attention is paid to approaches to multiculturalism as a key aspect of the Medium for the purposes of this study. However, alongside this examination of the Medium, the study also explores the role of individual activism, and the agency of particular campaigners, termed âthe Human Catalystâ. It addresses the complex interplay between the Medium and the Human Catalyst, as a means of understanding their combined influence on the divergent pictures in respect of prosecuting FGM
Introduction to Facial Micro Expressions Analysis Using Color and Depth Images: A Matlab Coding Approach (Second Edition, 2023)
The book attempts to introduce a gentle introduction to the field of Facial
Micro Expressions Recognition (FMER) using Color and Depth images, with the aid
of MATLAB programming environment. FMER is a subset of image processing and it
is a multidisciplinary topic to analysis. So, it requires familiarity with
other topics of Artifactual Intelligence (AI) such as machine learning, digital
image processing, psychology and more. So, it is a great opportunity to write a
book which covers all of these topics for beginner to professional readers in
the field of AI and even without having background of AI. Our goal is to
provide a standalone introduction in the field of MFER analysis in the form of
theorical descriptions for readers with no background in image processing with
reproducible Matlab practical examples. Also, we describe any basic definitions
for FMER analysis and MATLAB library which is used in the text, that helps
final reader to apply the experiments in the real-world applications. We
believe that this book is suitable for students, researchers, and professionals
alike, who need to develop practical skills, along with a basic understanding
of the field. We expect that, after reading this book, the reader feels
comfortable with different key stages such as color and depth image processing,
color and depth image representation, classification, machine learning, facial
micro-expressions recognition, feature extraction and dimensionality reduction.
The book attempts to introduce a gentle introduction to the field of Facial
Micro Expressions Recognition (FMER) using Color and Depth images, with the aid
of MATLAB programming environment.Comment: This is the second edition of the boo
Recommended from our members
A Survey of Quantum-Cognitively Inspired Sentiment Analysis Models
Quantum theory, originally proposed as a physical theory to describe the motions of microscopic particles, has been applied to various non-physics domains involving human cognition and decision-making that are inherently uncertain and exhibit certain non-classical, quantum-like characteristics. Sentiment analysis is a typical example of such domains. In the last few years, by leveraging the modeling power of quantum probability (a non-classical probability stemming from quantum mechanics methodology) and deep neural networks, a range of novel quantum-cognitively inspired models for sentiment analysis have emerged and performed well. This survey presents a timely overview of the latest developments in this fascinating cross-disciplinary area. We first provide a background of quantum probability and quantum cognition at a theoretical level, analyzing their advantages over classical theories in modeling the cognitive aspects of sentiment analysis. Then, recent quantum-cognitively inspired models are introduced and discussed in detail, focusing on how they approach the key challenges of the sentiment analysis task. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current research and highlight future research directions
Epistemic Thought Experiments and Intuitions
This work investigates intuitions' nature, demonstrating how philosophers can best use them in epistemology. First, the author considers several paradigmatic thought experiments in epistemology that depict the appeal to intuition. He then argues that the nature of thought experiment-generated intuitions is not best explained by an a priori Platonism. Second, the book instead develops and argues for a thin conception of epistemic intuitions. The account maintains that intuition is neither a priori nor a posteriori but multi-dimensional. It is an intentional but non-propositional mental state that is also non-conceptual and non-phenomenal in nature. Moreover, this state is individuated by its progenitor, namely, the relevant thought experiment. Third, the author provides an argument for the evidential status of intuitions based on the correct account of the nature of epistemic intuition. The suggestion is the fitting-ness approach: intuition alone has no epistemic status. Rather, intuition has evidentiary value as long as it fits well with other pieces into a whole, namely, the pertinent thought experiment. Finally, the book addresses the key challenges raised by supporters of anti-centrality, according to which philosophers do not regard intuition as central evidence in philosophy. To that end, the author responds to them, showing that they fail to affect the account of intuition developed in this book. This text appeals to students and researchers working in epistemology
On astrophysical solutions in the constructive gravity program and cosmological tests for weakly birefringent spacetime
Via gravitational closure [DĂŒ+18]; [Wol22]; [Due20]; [Wie18] could show, how gravitational
theories based on the matter content of spacetime can be systematically constructed. While
this successfully reproduces general relativity for metric spacetimes, finding a solution for the
simplest generalization of Maxwell electrodynamics with a vacuum birefringence allowing,
area-metric structure has in general not been possible so far. For highly symmetric FLRW
spacetimes a metric, as well as an area-metric solution could be derived [Due20]; [Fis17].
Based on this result, the constructive gravity program will be applied for spherically symmetric,
stationary metric spacetimes. Furthermore, an according ansatz is worked out for
area-metric geometries, and it is discussed which difficulties arise in finding a corresponding
solution. Furthermore, the Etherington-duality is violated in the case of weakly area-metric
gravitation [Sch+17]; [Ale20b]; [SW17], and this violation will be investigated with weak
gravitational lensing experiments. The observable is the surface brightness, which is, however,
heavily influenced by astrophysical processes like physical interaction of galaxies with tidal
fields. Beyond that, it is studied how galaxies also get bent due to tidal interactions and how
strong this effect is compared to its analog in gravitational lensing
Vitalism and Its Legacy in Twentieth Century Life Sciences and Philosophy
This Open Access book combines philosophical and historical analysis of various forms of alternatives to mechanism and mechanistic explanation, focusing on the 19th century to the present. It addresses vitalism, organicism and responses to materialism and its relevance to current biological science. In doing so, it promotes dialogue and discussion about the historical and philosophical importance of vitalism and other non-mechanistic conceptions of life. It points towards the integration of genomic science into the broader history of biology. It details a broad engagement with a variety of nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first century vitalisms and conceptions of life. In addition, it discusses important threads in the history of concepts in the United States and Europe, including charting new reception histories in eastern and south-eastern Europe. While vitalism, organicism and similar epistemologies are often the concern of specialists in the history and philosophy of biology and of historians of ideas, the range of the contributions as well as the geographical and temporal scope of the volume allows for it to appeal to the historian of science and the historian of biology generally
Recent Advances in Research on Island Phenomena
In natural languages, filler-gap dependencies can straddle across an unbounded distance. Since the 1960s, the term âislandâ has been used to describe syntactic structures from which extraction is impossible or impeded. While examples from English are ubiquitous, attested counterexamples in the Mainland Scandinavian languages have continuously been dismissed as illusory and alternative accounts for the underlying structure of such cases have been proposed. However, since such extractions are pervasive in spoken Mainland Scandinavian, these languages may not have been given the attention that they deserve in the syntax literature. In addition, recent research suggests that extraction from certain types of island structures in English might not be as unacceptable as previously assumed either. These findings break new empirical ground, question perceived knowledge, and may indeed have substantial ramifications for syntactic theory. This volume provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on island phenomena primarily in English and the Scandinavian languages, focusing on how languages compare to English, with the aim to shed new light on the nature of island constraints from different theoretical perspectives
Play/writing histories: investigating the dramaturgical potential of architectural drawing practices in exploring the hidden histories of built spaces. An architextural study of the Citizens Theatre
This practice research project investigates the dramaturgical potential of architectural drawing techniques and proposes âarchitextingâ as creative methodology for exploring the hidden histories of built spaces. Architexting exploits the relationship between architectural drawing and playwriting as allographic practices, identifying generative territory in their mutual preoccupation with shaping provisional spaces. I suggest that architexting can be used as a tool for a spatial approach to historiography that is organised by site rather than time. In doing so, architexting seeks to reveal and celebrate diachronic communities separated by time but created and connected by the places they share.
This thesis is in three parts. In the first, âProject Plan and Methodology,â I provide an overview of my interdisciplinary approach. In the second, âSite Analysis,â I excavate relevant theoretical fields including architectural theory, dramaturgy, historiography and cultural geography to construct a theoretical framework for architexting. The third section, âPortfolio,â forms the practical output of this project and consists of three architexts: Blueprint, Perspective and Axonometric or How to Build a Place from Memory, each with accompanying critical reflections.
While architexting is a methodology that may be applied to any building, this project specifically investigates the hidden histories of the Citizens Theatre in Glasgow which, in 2018, underwent the most significant redevelopment in its 144-year history. My architexts have been created using material from oral histories and workshops with over sixty adults and young people connected to the Citizens theatre, as well as archival material from relevant collections held by the Scottish Theatre Archives at the University of Glasgow
Temporal Entanglement in Chaotic Quantum Circuits
The concept of space-evolution (or space-time duality) has emerged as a
promising approach for studying quantum dynamics. The basic idea involves
exchanging the roles of space and time and evolving the system using a space
transfer matrix. The infinite-volume limit is then described by the fixed
points of this operator, also known as influence matrices. To evaluate the
potential of this method as a numerical scheme, it is important to understand
whether the influence matrices can be efficiently encoded in a classical
computer. It is then natural to wonder what is the scaling of their
entanglement, dubbed temporal entanglement, as a function of time. In this work
we study space evolution in chaotic quantum circuits. First, we extend the
concept of space-evolution to include evolution in any generic space-like
direction, which enables us to use influence matrices on a generic time-like
surface, or path, to describe any two-point function. Then we study their
entanglement, finding that it scales linearly with time for all paths but with
two interesting marginal cases: (i) vertical paths in generic chaotic systems
(ii) any path in dual-unitary circuits. In these cases R\'enyi entropies with
index larger than one are sub-linear in time, while the von Neumann
entanglement entropy is linear but grows at a slower rate compared to regular
state entanglement. We attribute this behaviour to the existence of a product
state with large overlap with the influence matrices, similarly to what has
been observed for regular entanglement in systems with conservation laws.Comment: 34 pages, 17 figure
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