That was then but this is now

Current agricultural negotiations in the World Trade Organization are grappling on how to fully integrate agriculture within the general rules for trade in goods. The notion of multifunctionality of agriculture has been suggested as a reason to justify special treatment for that sector, including the continuation of its protection and subsidization. Many developing countries are still analyzing whether the idea has something to offer them in terms of their negotiating positions and policy framework. While multifunctionality has been invoked for supporting agriculture in developed countries, a similar idea, although not called so at the time, was clearly behind support for industry in developing countries. Again in this case, the policy implication was that government intervention was required (through trade protection, subsidies, and other special policies) to develop an industrial base that contributed to society more than what market valuations alone would suggest. The debate on industrialization in developing countries was part of a broader discussion regarding nation-building, economic development, and social modernization. The current arguments around multifunctionality are similarly embedded in a larger economic, political and social matrix. This paper, although it does not present a full account of either debate, discusses some of the intriguing parallelisms in their theoretical frameworks, policy implications and economic and social impacts. The main objective is to clarify current policy issues for the agricultural sector in developing countries, highlighting possible consequences for the negotiating position of developing countries in the WTO process.World Trade Organization. ,Trade policy. ,Agriculture Economic aspects ,Agricultural subsidies Developing countries. ,Industrialization Developing countries. ,Economic development Developing countries. ,Agricultural policy. ,Markets Economic policy. ,

That was then, this is now. What’s next?

Presentation at RepoFringe 2018 - That was then, this is now. What’s next? by Dr Danny Kingsley, Deputy Director, Scholarly Communication & Research Services, Cambridge University Librar

Situating Heirloom Presence Within the Family Narrative: That Is/Was Then, This Is/Was Now

Intramundane objects often become “intergenerational transfers of contaminated objects,” commonly known as heirlooms (Belk 151; Heisley and Cours 425; Holmes). Rather than priceless possessions, heirlooms are mostly ordinary objects, such as photographs and gardening tools. Regardless of rarity or monetary value, as familial artifacts, heirlooms compel an ethic of responsibility. For this project, the term “heirlooming” is a performance of communicative practices of story-telling, ritualizing, and kin-keeping that contribute to heirloom preservation and continuation. A narrative ethics background structures family communication to both make meaning and make sense of ongoing and changing practices across generations. Heirlooms situated within family narratives as petit récit bond kin and sustain time and space connections in the holistic space of praxis. Interdisciplinary insight into the perspectives of material culture, new materialism, the gift, communication ethics, and family communication provides ‘object discourse’ for discussing heirlooms in scholarship. Heirlooms, like gifts, exist within an asymmetric, agapic framework of acknowledgement rather than demanding reciprocity within an exchange system of recognition (Belk and Coon; Schrag God as Otherwise 119-120). Identifying objects as inalienable and indexical counters a consumerist culture that needlessly and recklessly discards objects it considers inert and insignificant. While this project encourages an ethic of responsibility toward material culture, it rejects a “flat ontology” or equal agency for the material object and the human subject. While the most recent ‘material turn’ raises critical questions about the interrelations of humans and objects, these philosophies lack fore-structure for heirlooming, ultimately threatening the rhetorical nature of heirlooms and the human condition

That Was Then, This Is Now: Replacing the Mobile-Optimized Site with Responsive Design

As mobile technologies continue to evolve, libraries seek sustainable ways to keep up with these changes and to best serve our users. Previous library mobile usability research has examined tasks users predict they might be likely to perform, but little is known about what users actually do on a mobile-optimized library site. This research used a combination of survey method and web analytics to examine what tasks users actually carry out on a library mobile site. The results indicate that users perform an array of passive and active tasks and do not want content choices to be limited on mobile devices. Responsive design is described as a long-term solution for addressing both designers’ and users’ needs

That Was Then, This Is Now: The Revival of the Proposed Equal Rights Amendment and the Co-optation of the #MeToo Movement

This Comment argues that the anticipated effect of an Equal Rights Amendment on the experiences of Black women and girls who have survived sexual violence is incongruent with the original tenets of the #MeToo movement. To provide context, Part I of this Comment recounts historical efforts to enact the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Part I also details the concept of “intersectionality,” as well as modern campaigns that embrace its meaning to advance the social position of Black women. In evaluating the efficacy of an Equal Rights Amendment, Part II of this Comment defines the contours of Black women’s experiences in surviving sexual assault. This Part identifies observed patterns in the context of sexual assault perpetrated against Black women, and then shows how these patterns arose from pervasive, Black, female stereotypes originating from the slavery era. Part III continues the discussion by exploring the anticipated effect of an Equal Rights Amendment on Black women. Then, this Part compares the proposed Amendment’s anticipated effect to the unique experiences and needs of Black, female survivors, to in turn show that the proposed Amendment would not adequately remedy Black, female survivors of sexual assault. Last, Part IV offers two ways in which #MeToo advocates might reconcile their invigorated push for the enactment of an Equal Rights Amendment with the original tenets of the movement. This Part argues that only by supplementing it with support for a modified reasonable person standard and a special damage calculation will efforts to enact an Equal Rights Amendment harmonize with the mission of the #MeToo movement. Only then will the cycle of co-optation end and Black women be made whole

That Was Then And This Is Now: The Changing Roles Of Veteran Special Education Teachers As A Result Of Response To Intervention

This study explored how the process of Response to Intervention (RTI) has changed the roles of three veteran special educators. The background knowledge of these teachers that helped make the initiative successful, as well as the building blocks that were present in the initial implementation of RTI models in their settings, were described. The essential components that contributed to successful RTI processes in K-12 settings were described by the participants. In addition, the successes, challenges, and recommendations of these veteran special educators for the future of RTI implementation were explored. The experiences of three veteran special education teachers who participated in successful RTI models, as well as current literature on best practice in Response to Intervention, were described. Recommendations for teacher preparation programs, schools, and future research were presented. Keywords: collaboration, curriculum-based measurement, fidelity, problem solving, progress monitoring, Response to Intervention (RTI), scientifically-based interventions, tiers of support, universal screenin