The European Map of Job Flows

The European Map of Job Flows (EMJF) is a term used to denote a dataset of meso- and macro-level variables describing different aspect of labour mobility within national labour markets in Europe. In this paper, EMJF is centred on the notion of job “flows”, namely the changes in the level of employment at different breakdowns and levels of aggregation. EMJF is very rich in information content due to the wide variety of possible breakdown of the data and in this sense it is a “map” mostly in the virtual sense, namely, that it is not possible to visualise in the form of geographic maps all the wealth of available information. In terms of its value as a research product and tool, EMJF is mostly an intermediate product in the sense that it is a convenient means to organise the relevant information, which could subsequently be used for different analytical and research purposes. It provides both for cross-sections/snapshots of job flows at different point in time but also it allows their assessment and analysis over longer periods of time. In this sense, EMJF can be widely used for various types of labour-market analysis and research. EMJF’s visual components can also be a convenient tool for policy makers dealing with labour market policies at different level (regional, national or supra-national) in the decision-making process. Here we present a Compilation of a EMJF on the basis of firm-level data In this sense the job flows are built up on the basis of firm-level data for individual countries, following a common methodology. We adopt an approach of establishing such a EMJF on the basis of the AMADEUS dataset developed by the consultancy Bureau van Dijk. The dataset in its most extended version contains balance sheet data and ownership data for almost 14 million firms from 43 different European countries (September 2009 update). For many EU countries the dataset has in principle access to the entire universe of firms which have to report a balance sheet. In terms of countries, the geographic coverage of AMADEUS encompasses information for all the 27 members of the European Union (albeit with different qualities in terms of national coverage) as well as other 16 European countries that complete the geographical and political definition of the continent. Another interesting feature of the database is given by the detailed definition of a firm's location, with data available on the region (NUTS2) and the city in which the firm operates. This project deliverable presents the main results from the final stage of MICRO-DYN work on the EMJF. It discusses the approach to building the EMJF on the basis of AMADEUS data and illustrates the analytical potential of the EMJF as a research tool with a range of Europe-wide analytical exercises. Probably the most important outcome of this research effort is the demonstrated capability to perform meta-analysis at the European level of important labour market characteristics on the basis of firm-level data.job flows, europe, labor market, microdata

THE SPIRIT OF FEMINISM REFLECTED IN THE MAIN CHARACTER OF MONA LISA SMILE MOVIE: A STUDY OF FEMINISM IN A PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY

Film merupakan karya sastra audio-visual yang akhir-akhir ini menyita banyak minat masyarakat. Hal ini dikarenakan film bukan hanya berfungsi sebagai sarana hiburan namun juga merupakan refleksi dan inspirasi kehidupan masyarakat yang sarat akan nilai-nilai sosial dan moral sehingga dapat dikaji lebih dalam. Mona Lisa Smile merupakan salah satu film yang menyajikan cerita mengenai ideologi feminisme dimana pandangan tersebut sangat bertentangan dengan aturan-aturan sebuah lingkungan masyarakat akademis yang cenderung patriarki. Dalam hal ini penulis ingin mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai pandangan feminis Katherine Watson, tokoh utama dalam film tersebut dan usahanya mengubah pandangan patriarki masyarakat Wellesley yang terlalu memposisikan pria sebagai “yang berkehendak” dan memandang wanita sebagai umat yang sudah ditakdirkan untuk mengisi sebuah peran sebagai istri dan ibu dalam hidup mereka. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis film tersebut adalah metode penelitian pustaka dimana penulis menggunakan buku-buku referensi serta sumber dari koran, majalah, artikel maupun internet untuk mendukung kajian analisisnya. Metode eksponensial juga digunakan yakni untuk menganalisis aspek-aspek naratif seperti latar, karakter dan plot; aspek sinematik seperti penggunaan kamera dan mise-en-scenes; serta aspek ekstrinsik yang penulis fokuskan pada analisis patriarki dan feminisme. Akhirnya, kesimpulan akhir dari analisis fim Mona Lisa Smile ini adalah bahwa meski banyak cercaan dan kritik yang dialami Katherine Watson di Wellesley, namun hal itu tidak membuatnya berhenti. Pemikiran feminisnya yang pada dasarnya menuntut masa depan yang lebih baik dari mahasiswa lulusan Wellesley dari pada sekedar menjadi ibu rumah tangga, ternyata dianggap sebagai subuah pendurhakaan terhadap takdir perempuan. Walaupun pada akhir cerita Katherihe Watson memilih untuk meninggalkan Wellesley, namun usahanya tidak sepenuhnya gagal karena salah satu mahasiswanya yang sudah menikah memutuskan utuk mengajukan perceraian atas pengkhianatan suaminya yang—karena tradisi—harus dipendam,dan diapun akhirnya memutuskan untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya ke Universitas Y

Head Rubbing and Licking Reinforce Social Bonds in a Group of Captive African Lions, Panthera leo

AbstractMany social animals have a species-specific repertoire of affiliative behaviours that characterise individualised relationshipswithin a group. To date, however, quantitative studies on intragroup affiliative behaviours in social carnivores have beenlimited. Here, we investigated the social functions of the two most commonly observed affiliative behaviours in captiveAfrican lions (Panthera leo): head rubbing and licking. We conducted behavioural observations on a captive group of lionscomposed of 7 males and 14 females, and tested hypotheses regarding three social functions: tension reduction, socialbonding, and social status expression. Disproportionately frequent male–male and female-to-male head rubbing wasobserved, while more than 95% of all licking interactions occurred in female–female dyads. In accordance with the socialbond hypothesis, and in disagreement with the social status expression hypothesis, both head rubbing and lickinginteractions were reciprocal. After controlling for spatial association, the dyadic frequency of head rubbing was negativelycorrelated with age difference while licking was positively correlated with relatedness. Group reunion after daily separationdid not affect the frequencies of the affiliative behaviours, which was in disagreement with the predictions from the tensionreduction hypothesis. These results support the social bond hypothesis for the functions of head rubbing and licking.Different patterns of affiliative behaviour between the sexes may reflect differences in the relationship quality in each sex orthe differential predisposition to licking due to its original function in offspring care