129,566 research outputs found
Topic Break Detection in Interview Dialogues Using Sentence Embedding of Utterance and Speech Intention Based on Multitask Neural Networks
Currently, task-oriented dialogue systems that perform specific tasks based on dialogue are widely used. Moreover, research and development of non-task-oriented dialogue systems are also actively conducted. One of the problems with these systems is that it is difficult to switch topics naturally. In this study, we focus on interview dialogue systems. In an interview dialogue, the dialogue system can take the initiative as an interviewer. The main task of an interview dialogue system is to obtain information about the interviewee via dialogue and to assist this individual in understanding his or her personality and strengths. In order to accomplish this task, the system needs to be flexible and appropriate for detecting topic switching and topic breaks. Given that topic switching tends to be more ambiguous in interview dialogues than in task-oriented dialogues, existing topic modeling methods that determine topic breaks based only on relationships and similarities between words are likely to fail. In this study, we propose a method for detecting topic breaks in dialogue to achieve flexible topic switching in interview dialogue systems. The proposed method is based on multi-task learning neural network that uses embedded representations of sentences to understand the context of the text and utilizes the intention of an utterance as a feature. In multi-task learning, not only topic breaks but also the intention associated with the utterance and the speaker are targets of prediction. The results of our evaluation experiments show that using utterance intentions as features improves the accuracy of topic separation estimation compared to the baseline model
Hybrid Representation Learning for Cognitive Diagnosis in Late-Life Depression Over 5 Years with Structural MRI
Late-life depression (LLD) is a highly prevalent mood disorder occurring in
older adults and is frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment (CI).
Studies have shown that LLD may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
However, the heterogeneity of presentation of geriatric depression suggests
that multiple biological mechanisms may underlie it. Current biological
research on LLD progression incorporates machine learning that combines
neuroimaging data with clinical observations. There are few studies on incident
cognitive diagnostic outcomes in LLD based on structural MRI (sMRI). In this
paper, we describe the development of a hybrid representation learning (HRL)
framework for predicting cognitive diagnosis over 5 years based on T1-weighted
sMRI data. Specifically, we first extract prediction-oriented MRI features via
a deep neural network, and then integrate them with handcrafted MRI features
via a Transformer encoder for cognitive diagnosis prediction. Two tasks are
investigated in this work, including (1) identifying cognitively normal
subjects with LLD and never-depressed older healthy subjects, and (2)
identifying LLD subjects who developed CI (or even AD) and those who stayed
cognitively normal over five years. To the best of our knowledge, this is among
the first attempts to study the complex heterogeneous progression of LLD based
on task-oriented and handcrafted MRI features. We validate the proposed HRL on
294 subjects with T1-weighted MRIs from two clinically harmonized studies.
Experimental results suggest that the HRL outperforms several classical machine
learning and state-of-the-art deep learning methods in LLD identification and
prediction tasks
An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network Model with Belief Tracking for Task-Oriented Dialog
We present a novel end-to-end trainable neural network model for
task-oriented dialog systems. The model is able to track dialog state, issue
API calls to knowledge base (KB), and incorporate structured KB query results
into system responses to successfully complete task-oriented dialogs. The
proposed model produces well-structured system responses by jointly learning
belief tracking and KB result processing conditioning on the dialog history. We
evaluate the model in a restaurant search domain using a dataset that is
converted from the second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC2) corpus.
Experiment results show that the proposed model can robustly track dialog state
given the dialog history. Moreover, our model demonstrates promising results in
producing appropriate system responses, outperforming prior end-to-end
trainable neural network models using per-response accuracy evaluation metrics.Comment: Published at Interspeech 201
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