A comprehensive evaluation of physical and environmental performances for wet-white leather manufacture

This paper presents the comprehensive evaluation results of physical and environmental performances for a novel wet-white (chrome-free) leather manufacturing. The tanning process is optimized as 15 wt% tannic acid (TA) combination with 4 wt% Laponite nanoclay, giving the leather with shrinkage temperature (Ts) above 86 °C. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) measurements indicate that Laponite can be evenly and tightly bound within the leather matrix, which is further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy analysis. The resultant wet-white leathers have reasonable good physical properties that can meet the standard requirements for furniture leather without containing hazardous Cr(VI) and formaldehyde. Further life cycle assessment (LCA) studies shows that tanning process is the main contributor to environmental impact categories in the wet-white tanning process, and tannic acid is the most significant substance factor. Compared to conventional chrome tanning, the wet-white tanning process exhibits much lower abiotic depletion potential (ADP), and reduced global warming potential (GWP) and human toxicity potential (HTP) impacts due to the nature of vegetable tanning; whereas, GWP excluding biogenic carbon and energy consumption are higher owing to prolonged run time.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Adoption of Clean Leather-Tanning Technologies in Mexico

In many developing countries, a host of financial, institutional, and political factors hamstring conventional environmental regulation. Given these constraints, a promising strategy for controlling pollution is to promote the voluntary adoption of clean technologies. Although this strategy has received considerable attention in policy circles, empirical research on the adoption of clean technologies in developing countries is limited. This paper presents historical background and original survey data on the adoption of five clean tanning technologies by a sample of 137 leather tanneries in León, Guanajuato, Mexico, a city where tanneries have serious environmental impacts and conventional environmental regulation has repeatedly failed to mitigate the problem. The analysis suggest that rather than top-down public-sector pressure and technical assistance, the key factor driving the adoption of clean tanning technologies in León is the bottom-up dissemination of information about the cost and quality benefits of the technologies.clean technology, leather tanning, developing country, Mexico

Schätzkriterien des Außenhandels zwischen der Europäischen Union und mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern

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Bill to Restrict Indoor Tanning for Minors in The State of Maine

Background: Melanoma is the deadliest and the most common type of cancer in individuals age 15 to 29. Evidence has shown that ultraviolet radiation overexposure at younger ages significantly increases the risk of developing non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer in later years. Despite these concerns, approximately 1.6 million minors under the age of 18 participate in the use of indoor tanning devices annually. The high prevalence of skin cancer in the United States continues to be a public health issue that warrants continued preventative and regulatory action. In spite of the health risks associated with indoor tanning, the state of Maine does not restrict the use of tanning devices for minors, as 18 states now do. Therefore, the aim of this DNP project was to implement a health policy change initiative with the goal of restricting access to commercial indoor tanning devices for minors. Methods:The policy process framework and population health framework were used as models for implementing the health policy initiative. The population health framework was used to develop an argument for the public health implications of excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation and provides rationale for restricting UV exposure among minors. The policy process framework was used to guide and evaluate the legislative work of this project. The legislative work was accomplished in collaboration with Maine Representative Anne Perry and other stakeholders. Purpose/Implementation Plan: The purpose of this DNP project was to implement a substantive health policy change, that being the restriction of minors under the age of 18 from the use of commercial indoor tanning devices. The health policy change process included the following steps: 1. Create awareness of long-term health risks of indoor tanning devices among key legislators, constituents, and interest groups, 2. Work with legislators to bring a bill forward to restrict access to indoor tanning devices, 3. Evaluate the process and develop a proposal for sustainable action, if the legislation fails. The overall objective of this initiative was to decrease the risk of skin cancer among Maine’s youth. Results:A proposal for the policy change was presented to stakeholders and was developed in support of the initiative. LD #1297, An Act to Reduce Youth Cancer Risk was introduced through the efforts of the coalition. The first public hearing for LD #1297 was held on April 3, 2019 with the Health and Human Services Committee (HHS) in Augusta, Maine with support from the stakeholders. A work session was held on April 16, 2019 where the bill was voted “ought to pass” 7 to 3 by members of the HHS committee. Conclusion:The population health framework and application of the policy process framework to guide legislative efforts, resulted in greater support for LD #1297 by the HHS committee. Policy engagement to address the upstream causes of disease such as skin cancer is a professional responsibility of doctorally prepared nurse practitioners. This can be achieved by engaging in coalition building and enacting legislative initiatives for public health challenges such as the serious public health threat of indoor tanning by minors. Key Words: skin neoplasms, skin cancer, ultraviolet radiation, indoor tanning, artificial tanning, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanom

Pembuatan Kulit Atasan Sepatu Bebas Krom

The purpose of this study was to obtain the process formulation for leather tanning in manufacturing chrome-free upper leather. The tanning process used vegetable tanning material (mimosa), syntan, and combination of vegetable-syntan. The leather were prepared using 25, 30, and 35% of mimosa, 10, 15, and 20% of syntan, and 15:10; 15:15; and 20%:15% of mimosa:syntan. Chrome tanning material 6% was used as control. Based from the results of physical testing according to SNI 0234:2009, the resulting leather met the quality requirements for shoe upper leather. Tanning process with 20% syntan gave the best result

J Am Acad Dermatol

BackgroundIndoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of melanoma. The US Food and Drug Administration proposed prohibiting indoor tanning among minors younger than 18 years.ObjectiveWe sought to estimate the health and economic benefits of reducing indoor tanning in the United States.MethodsWe used a Markov model to estimate the expected number of melanoma cases and deaths averted, life-years saved, and melanoma treatment costs saved by reducing indoor tanning. We examined 5 scenarios: restricting indoor tanning among minors younger than 18 years, and reducing the prevalence by 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%.ResultsRestricting indoor tanning among minors younger than 18 years was estimated to prevent 61,839 melanoma cases, prevent 6735 melanoma deaths, and save $342.9 million in treatment costs over the lifetime of the 61.2 million youth age 14 years or younger in the United States. The estimated health and economic benefits increased as indoor tanning was further reduced.LimitationsLimitations include the reliance on available data and not examining compliance to indoor tanning laws.ConclusionsReducing indoor tanning has the potential to reduce melanoma incidence, mortality, and treatment costs. These findings help quantify and underscore the importance of continued efforts to reduce indoor tanning and prevent melanoma.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States2018-02-01T00:00:00Z27939556PMC573763

Representativeness of the European Social Partner Organizations: Tanning and Leather Industry

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the tanning and leather sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in selected sectors. The study identified IndustriAll Europe (representing employees) and the Confederation of National Associations of Tanners and Dressers of the European Community (COTANCE) (representing employers) as the most important European level social partner organisations in the sector

Arizona Dream: Maxime Rossi Meets Max Ernst

abstract: This essay analyses the 22:40 minute video Real Estate Astrology (2015) of Maxime Rossi (born in 1980), a contemporary artist's response to the life and work of the German born surrealist Max Ernst. Rossi sets out in this vide, produced in the color filter technique of anaglyph projection, to search for Ernst’s traces in Sedona, Arizona. The surrealist artist lived here in exile together with his wife, the American painter Dorothea Tanning, from 1946 to 1953. Maxime Rossi shows a predilection for historical artists, whose works he uses as a point of departure in his work, in which historical facts and fiction are inextricably overlapping. In Sedona, Rossi goes to the places Max Ernst is said by locals Rossi has met several times to have visited: a hut where the surrealist is said to have spent the night from time to time, a stick that is said to have belonged to him, a cave with prehistoric mural paintings that he is said to have seen. Eventually, Ernst’s horoscope is said to have predestined a particularly fertile time for him in Arizona. But as we will see, all the tracks prove to be intentionally misplaced traces that confront the viewer with a hallucinatory world that mixes the real with the unreal, historical facts with the fictitious. What ultimately results is a hybrid whole that incorporates different sources and materials and oscillates between the banal and the fantastical, and between fiction and reality. And in doing so, he follows surrealist esthetics and strategies of alienation as we find them especially in Ernst’s collage works. A trans-epochal dialogue between the historical conditions of Ernst’s exile on the one hand, and the actual present on the other, runs through Real Estate Astrology, giving us two periods within the unit of the video