X-Ray Scanner for Atlas Barrel TRT Modules

X-ray scanners for gain mapping of ATLAS Barrel Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) modules were developed at Hampton University for quality assurance purposes. Gas gain variations for each straw of the TRT modules were used to decide whether wires should be removed or restrung, and to evaluate overall module quality.Comment: Conference proceeding in the XXIV Physics in Collisions Conference (PIC04), Boston, USA, June 2004, 3 pages, LaTeX, 6 eps figures. MONP0

TRTViewer: the ATLAS TRT detector monitoring and diagnostics tool

The transition radiation tracker (TRT) is the outermost of the three sub-systems of the ATLAS inner detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It is designed to combine the drift tube tracker with the transition radiation detector, providing an important contribution to the charged particles precise momentum measurement and particle (mainly electron) identification. The TRT consists of a barrel section at small pseudorapidity (eta) and two separate end-cap partitions at large eta. The detector performance and its operational conditions were permanently monitored during all commissioning and data-taking stages using various software tools, one of which - TRTViewer - is described in the present paper. The TRTViewer is the dedicated program for monitoring the TRT raw data quality and detector performance at different hardware levels: individual straws, readout chips and electronic boards. The data analysis results can be presented on the event-by-event basis or in the form of color maps representing the operation parameters (efficiencies, timing, occupancy, etc.) according to the real geometrical position of the detector hardware elements. The paper describes the TRTViewer software package as the event displaying tool, raw data processor and histogram and operation parameters presenter, which works with the different sources of input information: raw data files, online monitoring histograms, offline analysis histograms and TRT DAQ Configuration database. The package proved to be one of the main instruments for the fast and effective TRT diagnostics during debugging and operation periods.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Proc. of the 4th Workshop on Advanced Transition Radiation Detectors for Accelerator and Space Applications, Bari, Italy, Sept. 14-16, 2011. Submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth.

Shelf-life of sausage patties made from pre-rigor and post-rigor pork under vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pre-rigor (PRR) and post-rigor (POR) pork on the shelf-life of sausage patties stored under six treatments-vacuum (Trt 1), 100% CO2 (Trt 2), Air (Trt 3), 75% Ns + 25% CO2 (Trt 4), 75% N2 + 15% CO2 + 10% O2 (Trt 5) and 75% N2 + 20% CO2 + 5% O2 (Trt 6). Six sows were slaughtered and the meat (PRR and PGR) was ground (0.48 cm), mixed with seasonings and stuffed into casings. Sausage was crust-frozen in a CO2 batch freezer (-70C) and transferred to a blast freezer (-21C) for 10 days. After frozen storage, the sausages were sliced into patties, packaged under six treatments (Trt 1 through Trt 6) and stored at 4C for 14 days. Analyses were conducted at 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 day intervals. PRR had higher (P≤0.001) TBA value, total bacterial count and lactic acid bacterial count than POR. PRR had higher (P≤0.001) percent OMb, Hunter ‘L’ and ‘a’ values as well as lower (P≤0.001) percent MMb than POR. Trt 2 and Trt 4 gave lower (P≤0.001) TBA values and total bacterial counts, whereas Trt 3, Trt 5, and Trt 6 gave higher (P≤0.001) percent OMb and lower (P≤0.001) percent MMb. Trt 2 and Trt 4 are recommended for shelf-life extension in terms of lipid oxidation and microbial growth. For color shelf-life extension, at 50% MMc level, Trt 3, Trt 5 and Trt 6 are recommended

First examples of neutral rhenium(V) complexes with a novel semi-rigid ligand containing a P,N,N,S donor atom set: Synthesis, characterisation and crystal structure

A new PN2S ligand, N-[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]-2-[(S-trityl)acetylamino]ethanamide [Ph-P(Ph2)N2S(Trt)], was synthesised and reacted with ReV precursors. The reaction of both tritylated and detritylated ligands with ReOCl3(PPh3)2 gave the same expected neutral complex [ReO{Ph-P(Ph2)N2S}] (4) in good yield. An unexpected neutral and diamagnetic species, [ReN{Ph-P(Ph2)N2S(Trt)}] (5), has been isolated during the complexation of the tritylated ligand with ReNCl2(PPh3)2. The complexes, characterized by classical spectroscopic methods and X-ray analysis for 4, are the first examples of neutral semi-rigid-PN2S rhenium(V) complexes

Impact of Zinc Source and Timing of Implementation on Grow-finish Performance, Carcass Composition and Locomotion Score

Interest in organic mineral sources continues in the pig industry. In this experiment, a zinc amino acid complex was evaluated in a total of 528 pigs, assigned to 48 pens and to one of 4 dietary treatments: A) 50 ppm zinc above that provided in the trace mineral premix as ZnSO4 during phases 1 through 5; in phase 5, ractopamine was included at 2.5 g/ton for 2 weeks, followed by 7.2 g/ton until the pigs were shipped to market, B) similar to Trt A, except ractopamine was not included in phase 5, C) similar to trt A, except that Availa-Zn 100 was fed in place of ZnSO4 in phase 1 through 5 and D) similar to Trt C except that the Availa-Zn 100 replaced ZnSO4 only in phases 3, 4 and 5. Pigs fed Trt C and D (with Paylean) grew faster than pigs fed Trt B (no Paylean) and pigs fed Trt C also grew faster than the pigs fed Trt A (P\u3c0.05). There were no differences in feed intake among Trt B, C and D, but the pigs receiving Trt C and D (Paylean and Avail-Zn) ate more feed than the pigs receiving Trt A (Paylean but no Avail-Zn; P \u3c 0.05) suggesting Avail-Zn mitigated reduced feed intake associated with Paylean. Trt A, C and D (with Paylean) pigs had the same feed efficiency but better feed efficiency than Trt B (no Paylean) pigs (P \u3c 0.05). Locomotion score conducted at first pull was best for Trt B pigs (no Paylean and zinc sulphate) (P \u3c 0.10), while Trt A pigs (Paylean and zinc sulphate) had the poorest locomotion score (P \u3c 0.10); Trt C and D pigs (Paylean and Avail Zn) earned intermediate scores. Pigs fed Paylean (A, C and D) were leaner (P\u3e0.10). We concluded from this experiment that zinc amino acid complex shows promise in enhancing the response of pigs to Paylean

Defining the value of prepartum propylene glycol administration in transition dairy cows [abstract]

Abstract only availableKetosis is a metabolic disease commonly found in dairy cattle within the transition period, from 21 days prior to calving (prepartum) through 21 days postpartum. When used prepartum, propylene glycol may have the ability to prevent ketosis and improve energy metabolism. A group of 27 Holstein dairy cows/heifers were blocked by lactation number and body condition score and randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments (TRT) to evaluate the effects of prepartum and/or postpartum drench of propylene glycol as an effective management strategy in preventing ketosis. The control group (TRT C), received 50 mL of water everyday throughout the transition period. Cows assigned to TRT A were dosed with 100 mL of propylene glycol per day only during the prepartum period. In the postpartum period TRT A received 50 mL of water per day. Treatment B was given 100 mL propylene glycol everyday throughout the entire transition period. Data collection encompassed a total of 42 days. Biweekly measurements were taken for body weight, body condition score, urine pH and ketones. Blood plasma was collected biweekly to analyze NEFA, ketone, and glucose levels. Milk weights were monitored daily with weekly samples taken to measure milk urea nitrogen, somatic cell, fat, and protein content. Data were analyzed as a repeated measurement using PROC MIXED procedures in SAS. The main plot contained effect of TRT and the subplot contained the effect of TRT x Time. There was no effect of TRT or TRT x Time on UK across all lactations. There was no effect of TRT or TRT x Time on NEFA levels in the first and third+ lactation cows. However, there was an effect of TRT and TRT x Time on NEFA levels in the second lactation group (TRT p=0.1, TRT x Time p=0.02) with NEFA LS means for TRT A, B, and C being 494, 355, and 353 uM/L respectively. Propylene glycol failed to beneficially alter energy metabolism as previously indicated.Dudley and Virgie Alexander Gif

The ATLAS TRT end-cap detectors

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)The ATLAS TRT end-cap is a tracking drift chamber using 245,760 individual tubular drift tubes. It is a part of the TRT tracker which consist of the barrel and two end-caps. The TRT end-caps cover the forward and backward pseudo-rapidity region 1.0 < |η| < 2.0, while the TRT barrel central η region |η| < 1.0. The TRT system provides a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes (or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. Along with other two sub-system, namely the Pixel detector and Semi Conductor Tracker (SCT), the TRT constitutes the ATLAS Inner Detector. This paper describes the recently completed and installed TRT end-cap detectors, their design, assembly, integration and the acceptance tests applied during the construction