Становление и развитие концепции управления социальным капиталом предприятия

У статті показано еволюцію соціального капіталу підприємства як економічної категорії. Висвітлено основні теоретичні доробки щодо трактування соціального капіталу провідними вченими та надано авторську концепцію визначення даного поняття. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз соціального та людського капіталів. Визначено ключові складові соціального капіталу та відображено економічні ефекти від управління соціальним капіталом підприємства.Increased attention to the following components of socio-economic development of the company as the formation of social networks, norms and values, trust, external business reputation, led to the emergence of the concept of social capital. The ambiguity of scientific approaches to the definition of social capital causes further research in order to unify this concept in economics and management. The term «social capital» was used first in 1916 by L. J. Hanifan, but the founder of the concept of social capital as an economic category is considered Bourdieu. Further scientific interpretation of social capital found place in the writings of such scholars as Adler and Kwon, Fukuyama, Putnam, Portes, Woolcock etc. The following elements of the social capital of the enterprise: trust, social networks, social norms and values and goodwill were highlighted in the paper. Theoretical studies consider the formation and development of the concept of social capital enterprise as an economic asset that exists in the structures and processes of social exchange. Social capital reflects the quality of relationships in the organization, measures the relationship between its members and enhances the firm’s ability to preserve and attract customers. A significant stock of social capital is an impulse to improve the efficiency of knowledge management, the revitalization of innovative activity of enterprise strengthens human and intellectual capital of the company. Effective use of social capital leads to a reduction of transaction costs and acceleration of working processes at the enterprise.В статье показана эволюция социального капитала предприятия как экономической категории. Освещены основные теоретические наработки относительно трактовки социального капитала ведущими учеными и предоставлено авторскую концепцию определения данного понятия. Осуществлен сравнительный анализ социального и человеческого капиталов. Определены ключевые составляющие социального капитала и отражены экономические эффекты от управления социальным капиталом предприятия

CONVENTIONALISM AS A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE ENTERPRISE

The existence of different approaches for the understanding of the concept of economic security, taking into account its nominal nature as an economic and general scientific denotation, is actually, from the epistemological point of view, the basis for the application of conventionalism for explanation of the nature of the enterprise economic security, harmonization of such approaches and the links between them. It is shown, that nowadays the concept of economic security has a significant number of approaches for its interpretation.The purpose of the article is to study theoretical approaches to understanding the economic security of the enterprise and the formation of a certain unified theoretical and methodological basis for understanding the economic security of the enterprise.The methodological basis of the study, the results of which are presented in the article, is a set of methods of scientific research, general methods, techniques and principles, including comparison, monographic analysis, historical analysis, analysis and synthesis, abstract-logical analysis, classification, and systematization have been used.It is shown, that nowadays the concept of economic security has a significant number of approaches for its interpretation. The correlation between such approaches can be considered either based on the shift of scientific paradigm (scientific revolution) by T. Kuhn [1] from the imperative to the synthetic approach, or based on the approach of the competition of scientific research programs by I. Lakatos [2] “security-development” and “security-safety”. Each approach creates the preconditions for the formation of the understanding of economic security, which in the future serves as the basis for the development of the tools for its evaluation, provision and enhancement

A Holistic Social Constructionist perspective to Enterprise Education

Purpose – Drawing on the Gestalt approach this article proposes a holistic framework for enterprise education (EE) research based on Social Constructionism, illustrating how the latter supports research into experiential learning in EE in 7 UK Higher Education (HE) pharmacy schools. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – This paper is based on a qualitative empirical study involving educators in UK Higher Education Institution (HEI) pharmacy schools in semi-structured interviews, and investigates the delivery of EE through experiential learning approaches. Social Constructionism is proposed as a suitable underlying philosophical paradigm. Findings – A Social Constructionism paradigm, which adopts relative realism ontology, transactional epistemology, and Gadamer’s Hermeneutic Phenomenology, offers a relevant, multi-perspectival philosophical foundation for EE research, supporting transactional relationships within contexts of multiple possibilities. Research limitations/implications – Social Constructionism does not necessarily support the individualistic paradigm, as advocated by Constructivists; and the values associated with the former encourage a more collaborative and cooperative approach different from the latter. Practical implications –The paper supports the understanding that applying experiential learning through inter-disciplinary and inter-professional learning is regarded as an approach beneficial for educators, institutions and learners, within the context of EE. Originality/ value – This paper offers a holistic conceptual framework of Social Constructionism that draws on the ‘Gestalt Approach’, and highlights the harmony between the ontological, epistemological and methodological underpinnings of Social Constructionism. The paper demonstrates the relevance of the proposed framework in EE research within the context of an empirical study, which is different in that it focuses on the delivery aspect of EE by considering the views of the providers (educators), an hitherto under-researched area. Paper type – Research paper Key words: Enterprise education, research philosophy, Social Constructionism, relative realism ontology, transactional epistemology, Gadamer’s Hermeneutic Phenomenology, Gestalt approach

Methodological Approaches to Modeling Information Architecture of the Organization in the Conditions of Digital Economy

It is significant for businesses, especially in the digital economy, the solution of theoretical and methodological justifications and the development of practical recommendations for building an organization\u27s information architecture as a holistic description of its key strategies, related to business, information, application systems and technologies, and also their impact on the functions and business processes of an organization. The article discusses issues, related to methodological approaches to modeling an organization\u27s information architectureб using information management tools to help manage innovation in information systems (IS) and information technologies (IT). The relevance of organizational provisions to determine the way, in which a business entity\u27s business model is functionally integrated with the IS architecture is substantiated. The consideration and analysis of the use of industrial standards for describing the architecture of an organization, adopted by such institutions as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), The Open Group, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), etc. reveal that none of these standards is dominant and does not provide teams, responsible for the architecture development with all the tools, necessary from the methodological point of view and from the point of view of the templates, used to describe the architecture. Recommendations are given on the theoretical and methodological substantiation and construction of the information architecture of an organization as a complete description of its key strategies related to business, information, application systems and technologies, as well as their impact on the functions and business processes of an organization

Modern Concepts of Financial and Non-Financial Motivation of Service Industries Staff

In modern conditions the questions of personnel management, including motivation, acquire new meaning. Particularly given the problems relevant to the service sector, where at the beginning of the XXI century employing more than 60% of the workforce in developed countries. These circumstances determine the need for a modern concept of material and immaterial motivation of service industries. Such factors determine the need for the development modern concept of material and immaterial motivation of service industries staff. To obtain indicated objective during research analyzed the existing concepts and paradigm of staff motivation with highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The results obtained allowed to establish that scientific and expert community does not have the unified approach to the classification and identification of the most effective ones. Special attention is given to modern developments and approaches to the motivation problem. This fact caused the structure of follow studies, including three interlinked vectors: analysis of the essential content of the fundamental concepts in the field of staff motivation; defining features of employee motivation at the enterprises sphere of services; introduction to the key successful international practices which apply by service companies. In general, the results obtained enabled the author’s model of the modern concept of material and non-material motivation at the enterprises the service sector and the corresponding mechanism for the implementation

The Study of Methodology of Formation of the Complex Mechanism of Strategic Management of Building Enterprise

Strategic objectives and principles that support them should automatically transform into a company concept, detail its status, express intent of the owner and management of the company, when working with customers and the public. Therefore, the implementation of strategic objectives and principles should be formed by the model of complex mechanism of strategic management. Mechanisms of strategic management can be represented as a set of factors; organizational, economic, motivational, technical and technological, legal and policy interventions that convert strategic management to the new, desired state. In practice, these mechanisms are so closely interrelated with each other that it is difficult to separate any natural factor, which is not included in the different mechanism of strategic management but rather belongs to factors of a different nature. Therefore, the selection of strategic management mechanisms on the principle of uniformity is made only by the presence of the main features: economic, organizational, motivational, technical, technological or legal. The fundamental difference between the proposed complex mechanism of strategic management of building enterprise management mechanism, is that the mechanism of strategic management has a modulated condition for achieving the future goals of the company and the future survival under fierce competition. Simulated version of our integrated strategic management mechanism of building company is able to achieve the strategic goals under different business operations. The actual mechanism of strategic management is always specific, and is always aimed at achieving specific goals through the implementation of specific strategies. It is formed whenever administrative decision has taken place by the coordination of all the elements of management mechanism. Some properties have long-term mechanism of action, other properties - a short-term. Strategic management deals with long-term goals, because it is essential in the formation of long-term mechanism of action. Thus, the formation mechanism of strategic management is carried out repeatedly in accordance to the objectives and strategies of the company to promote a certain goal. The result of these influences will bring the facility into compliance with management objectives. If you unable to mobilize the right amount of resources, you have to review or management techniques or readjust management objectives

From viability to sustainability: the contribution of the viable systems approach (VSA)

The current dynamics of business systems require new ways of conceiving the role of single entities. On this basis, a complex of interactions between the company and the reference context must be activated to guarantee survival dynamics. From these considerations re-emerge the ideas of Peccei (2013) and King (2013) that recognise in the systemic thought the foundations for a sustainable society. The present study derives from these considerations, and aims at contributing to the advancement of the knowledge necessary to overcome the challenges in the sustainability field. The methodological approach, albeit heuristic, can be traced back to the positive scientific and constructivist method. The results of the study showed the prevalence of qualitative and subjective techniques, accompanied by the so-called inductive method, testifying to the intense interaction between the scholar and the object investigated. With regard to future research, it would be interesting to construct a flexible, scalable and extensible model to recover both a database and an ontology for the theoretical framework

Cучасні підходи до організації проесійного розвитку кадрів на виробництві

The article discloses approaches of scientists to the definition of the concept of professional development. The reasons of negative situation in professional development at enterprises of Ukraine were analysed. Measures for improvement of the present-day situation have been developed. Метою статті - це дослідження сучасних підходів до організації професійного розвитку кадрів на виробництві, з’ясування їх впливу на соціально-економічну ситуацію в країні, визначення причин, що стримують професійний розвиток кадрів як складової системи розвитку підприємства та розроблення заходів щодо вдосконалення, організації професійного розвитку кадрів на виробництві. Розглянувши погляди науковців на поняття «професійний розвиток» можна зробити висновок, що це процес організаційно-економічних заходів підприємства у сфері навчання, підвищення вмінь та навичок персоналу, його перепідготовки і перекваліфікації, контролю за цим процесом, забезпечення власних службово-професійних інтересів розвитку та реалізації цілей діяльності підприємства. Прийнятий Закон України «Про професійний розвиток працівників» має формальний характер та не враховує реальної ситуації на українських підприємствах. Закордонний досвід свідчить про те, що підвищення професійного розвитку працівника це прибуткове інвестування підприємства. Визначивши основні фактори негативного впливу на професійний розвиток працівників розроблено заходи щодо покращення законодавчого, фінансового, організаційного та податкового характеру, що сприятимуть росту конкурентоспроможності кадрів на виробництві та покращення національного господарства вцілому