Capital Mobility, Consumption Substitutability, and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in Open Economies

This paper uses a dynamic general equilibrium two-country optimizing model to analyze the consequences of international capital mobility for the effectiveness of monetary policy in open economies. The model shows that the substitutability of goods produced in different countries plays a central role for the impact of international capital mobility on the effectiveness of monetary policy. Paralleling the results of the traditional Mundell-Fleming model, a higher degree of international capital mobility increases the effectiveness of monetary policy only if the Marshall-Lerner condition, which is linked to the cross-country substitutability of goods, holds

Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo conductual focalizada en el trauma para el trastorno de estrés postraumático en niños y adolescentes

El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en niños y adolescentes es un problema de salud pública a nivel global. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar la evidencia sobre la efectividad de la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual Focalizada en el Trauma (TCC-FT) para el TEPT en niños y adolescentes. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos como Scopus y Web of Science de donde se extrajeron como muestra 7 ensayos controlados aleatorios y 3 cuasiexperimentales publicados entre el 2010 y 2024. Estas investigaciones examinaron la TCC-FT en niños entre los 3 y 17 años con diagnóstico o síntomas de TEPT. El número total de participantes fue de n=1011 participantes. Los resultados indican que la TCC-FT logra reducciones significativas en síntomas de reexperimentación, evitación y activación con tamaños del efecto medianos a grandes (d=0.51-2.64). Se encontraron también mejoras en comorbilidades como depresión, ansiedad, conducta e impacto en padres. Los beneficios terapéuticos se mantuvieron en seguimientos de mediano plazo. La TCC-FT aparece como un tratamiento eficaz y recomendable como primera línea para niños y adolescentes con TEPT en diversos contextos. Se necesitan más estudios sobre su efectividad relativa frente a otras intervenciones.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents is a global public health problem. The aim of this review was to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of TraumaFocused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for PTSD in children and adolescents. A systematic search was conducted in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science from which 7 randomized controlled trials and 3 quasi-experimental trials published between 2010 and 2024 were extracted as a sample. These investigations examined TF-CBT in children between the ages of 3 and 17 years with a diagnosis or symptoms of PTSD. The total number of participants was n=1011 participants. Results indicate that TF-CBT achieves significant reductions in reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal symptoms with medium to large effect sizes (d=0.51-2.64). Improvements were also found in comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, behavior, and parental impact. Therapeutic benefits were maintained at medium-term follow-up. TF-CBT appears as an effective and recommendable first-line treatment for children and adolescents with PTSD in various contexts. More studies are needed on its relative effectiveness versus other interventions

Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo conductual focalizada en el trauma para el trastorno de estrés postraumático en niños y adolescentes

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents is a global public health problem. The aim of this review was to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for PTSD in children and adolescents. A systematic search was conducted in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science from which 7 randomized controlled trials and 3 quasi-experimental trials published between 2010 and 2024 were extracted as a sample. These investigations examined TF-CBT in children between the ages of 3 and 17 years with a diagnosis or symptoms of PTSD. The total number of participants was n=1011 participants. Results indicate that TF-CBT achieves significant reductions in reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal symptoms with medium to large effect sizes (d=0.51-2.64). Improvements were also found in comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, behavior, and parental impact. Therapeutic benefits were maintained at medium-term follow-up. TF-CBT appears as an effective and recommendable first-line treatment for children and adolescents with PTSD in various contexts. More studies are needed on its relative effectiveness versus other interventions.El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en niños y adolescentes es un problema de salud pública a nivel global. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar la evidencia sobre la efectividad de la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual Focalizada en el Trauma (TCC-FT) para el TEPT en niños y adolescentes. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos como Scopus y Web of Science de donde se extrajeron como muestra 7 ensayos controlados aleatorios y 3 cuasiexperimentales publicados entre el 2010 y 2024. Estas investigaciones examinaron la TCC-FT en niños entre los 3 y 17 años con diagnóstico o síntomas de TEPT. El número total de participantes fue de n=1011 participantes. Los resultados indican que la TCC-FT logra reducciones significativas en síntomas de reexperimentación, evitación y activación con tamaños del efecto medianos a grandes (d=0.51-2.64). Se encontraron también mejoras en comorbilidades como depresión, ansiedad, conducta e impacto en padres. Los beneficios terapéuticos se mantuvieron en seguimientos de mediano plazo. La TCC-FT aparece como un tratamiento eficaz y recomendable como primera línea para niños y adolescentes con TEPT en diversos contextos. Se necesitan más estudios sobre su efectividad relativa frente a otras intervenciones

TERAPIA COGNITIVO-COMPORTAMENTAL FOCADA NO TRAUMA PARA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES VÍTIMAS DE ABUSO SEXUAL: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been identified in literature as one of the most frequent disorders related to abuse, causing dysphoric symptoms, avoidant behaviors, changes in arousal, reactivity, mood and patient cognitions. For the treatment of this disorder, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are pointed out as effective psychotherapeutic approaches to reduce symptoms, develop adaptive coping strategies and redefine trauma. For the care of children and adolescents, in turn, the Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT) is used as an intervention model. This study aimed to review the evidence of results of the TF-CBT protocol for children and adolescents victims of sexual trauma. It is an integrative literature review, of a qualitative nature, using LILACS, PePSIC, PsycNet, PubMed and SciELO as databases. The eight studies found suggest that the techniques employed by the TF-CBT protocol, together with the participation of primary caregivers during the therapeutic process, contributed to the positive results of the treatment. It is concluded that this approach has great efficacy for the reduction of PTSD symptoms, as well as for the remission of the disorder.El Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) ha sido identificado en la literatura como uno de los trastornos más frecuentes relacionados con el abuso, provocando síntomas disfóricos, conductas de evitación, cambios en la excitación, reactividad, estado de ánimo y cogniciones del paciente. Para el tratamiento de este trastorno, las Terapias Cognitivo-Conductual se señalan como enfoques psicoterapéuticos efectivos para reducir los síntomas, desarrollar estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas y resignificar el trauma. Para la atención de niños y adolescentes, a su vez, se utiliza como modelo de intervención el protocolo Trauma Focused on Trauma (TCC-FT). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la evidencia de resultados del protocolo FT-CBT para niños y adolescentes víctimas de trauma sexual. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, de carácter cualitativo, utilizando como bases de datos LILACS, PePSIC, PsycNet, PubMed y SciELO. Los ocho estudios encontrados sugieren que las técnicas empleadas por el protocolo TCC-FT, junto con la participación de los cuidadores primarios durante el proceso terapéutico, contribuyeron a los resultados positivos del tratamiento. Se concluye que este enfoque tiene una gran eficacia para la reducción de los síntomas del TEPT, así como para la remisión del trastorno.O Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) tem sido identificado pela literatura como um dos transtornos mais frequentes relacionados ao abuso, ocasionando sintomas disfóricos, comportamentos evitativos, de alterações na excitação, reatividade, humor e cognições do paciente. Para o tratamento deste transtorno, aponta-se para as Terapias Cognitivo-Comportamentais como abordagens psicoterápicas efetivas para redução de sintomas, desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento adaptativas e o ressignificar do trauma. Para o atendimento de crianças e adolescentes, por sua vez, utiliza-se o protocolo da TCC Focada no Trauma (TCC-FT) como modelo de intervenção. Este estudo objetivou revisar as evidências de resultados do protocolo da TCC-FT para crianças e adolescentes vítimas de traumas sexuais. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa, de natureza qualitativa, utilizando como bases de dados as plataformas LILACS, PePSIC, PsycNet, PubMed e SciELO. Os oito estudos encontrados sugerem que as técnicas empregadas pelo protocolo da TCC-FT, juntamente com a participação dos cuidadores primários durante o processo terapêutico, contribuíram para os resultados positivos do tratamento. Conclui-se que essa abordagem apresenta grande eficácia para a redução de sintomas do TEPT, assim como para a remissão do transtorno

AN EXPLORATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF SEPTIC TANKS IN REDUCING EXCRETA HAZARD

Despite widespread use of onsite sanitation, little is known about the efficacy of these technologies in reducing pathogen hazards. This work aimed to understand the performance of septic tanks in reducing hazards posed by human excreta. A literature review was conducted to examine how septic tanks vary globally and how these variations may influence tanks’ performance. This review demonstrated gaps in knowledge regarding pathogen reduction achieved by septic tanks. A case study was conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, to characterize the fecal sludge containment systems in use. The case study found that systems locally regarded as septic tanks did not meet design criteria typically associated with septic tanks. Additionally, the tanks did not discharge to a drainfield, but to an open drain, which presents the potential for unsafe returns of excreta to the environment. A more complete dataset will be necessary to construct a statistically robust model of pathogen flows.Master of Scienc

Focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in foster care context

O acolhimento institucional visa oferecer experiências reparadoras a jovens afastados do convívio familiar - processo que pode ser facilitado pela atuação do psicólogo. Apesar de ser uma prioridade do acolhimento, a reintegração familiar destes jovens ainda é um evento pouco frequente no contexto brasileiro. O objetivo deste relato de experiência profissional é descrever o atendimento psicológico de um jovem em acolhimento, que buscou facilitar a sua transição para o convívio familiar. O atendimento foi realizado em uma clínica escola no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, e teve como base a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental Focada no Trauma (TCC-FT), com ênfase na narrativa do trauma. A história de vida do paciente foi retratada através de desenhos, possibilitando a reestruturação crenças e de memórias traumáticas que dificultavam sua reintegração familiar e sua saída da casa de acolhimento. Este trabalho exemplifica uma adaptação positiva ao acolhimento institucional e uma posterior reintegração familiar, e descreve como intervenções narrativas podem ser adaptadas ao trabalho com desenhos e imagens mentais. Essa abordagem da TCC-FT com desenhos e imagens mentais demonstra ser promissora no trabalho com jovens em acolhimento, pois pode facilitar o acesso e elaboração de eventos traumáticos, bem como o processo de reintegração familiar.The foster care aims to offer reparative experiences for youth deprived from family life - a process that can be aided by the psychologist. The return of youth into family life is a priority. Although, the reintegration is still na uncommon event in the Brazilian context. The aim of this professional experience report is to describe the psychological attendance of a youth in foster care, which aimed to facilitate his transition into family life. The attendance take place in a clinic school at the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), and was based on Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), with emphasis on the trauma narrative. The patient's life history was portrayed through drawings, making possible the restructure of beliefs and traumatic memories which made him worried about family reintegration and leaving the host house. This report exemplifies a positive adaptation to a foster care institution and subsequent family reintegration, and describes how narrative interventions can be adapted to the work with drawings and mental images. This CBT-FT approach with drawings and mental images shows promise with youth in foster care, as it can facilitate the access and elaboration of traumatic events, as well as the process of family reintegration

Terapia assistida por animais combinada à terapia cognitivo comportamental : revisão sistemática de literatura

Esse estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada a partir do protocolo PRISMA, sobre o uso de Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA) associada à Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC). Foi realizada uma busca nas bases PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMED, Science Direct e LILACS entre os anos 2000 e 2021. Foram encontrados 243 estudos sobre o tema. De acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 14 publicações foram analisadas. Em geral, os artigos apontaram resultados favoráveis da combinação entre TAA e TCC para sintomas específicos, condições emocionais, cognitivas e comportamentais. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos apresentou baixa qualidade metodológica, especialmente no que diz respeito à amostra e ao delineamento. Concluiu-se que os resultados dessa combinação de terapias são promissores, apesar da necessidade de maior rigor metodológico para que a utilização da TAA em tratamentos padrões, como a TCC, possa ser estabelecida e regulamentada.This paper presents a systematic review according to PRISMA protocol about the use of Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) as an adjunct to Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). The following databases were used to search studies between 2000 and 2021: PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMED, Science Direct e LILACS. 243 studies were found and 14 were analyzed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles indicate that the combination of AAT and CBT shows positive results for specific symptoms, emotional, cognitive and behavior aspects. However, most studies had low methodological quality, especially regarding the sample and design. Therefore, the combination of these two therapies seems to be promising, besides the need of greater rigorous research, so AAT can be established as an adjunct therapy in standard treatments as CBT