Modeling and Analysis of 802.11p Physical Layer for V2X Connected Transport Systems Considering Harsh Operating Conditions and HW Device Performance

Intelligent driving is a promising area for increased safety and comfort. Vehicular communication is an essential part to build such systems. This paper describes the modelling and the implementation of the IEEE 802.11p Physical (PHY) Layer to determine its reliability for vehicle-to-everything (V2X), and particularly vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), communications in the automotive field. A Matlab/Simulink simulation is carried out to analyze not only the baseband processing of the transceiver, but also the RF hardware part, the physical channel in different operating conditions and environments, and all the main impairments and sources of interferences/noise. The transceiver model consists of three parts, the transmitter, the receiver and the intermediate channel block. The model can be used to explore the performance (bit-rate, successfully delivered packet-rate, latency,..) of V2X links in different conditions (line-of-sight, non-line-of-sight), and environments (urban, suburban, rural and highway), considering single-hop or multi-hop networking, and allowing also dynamically changing the channel characteristics, or even using different modulation and coding schemes and physical transmission parameters. To assess the proposed V2X simulation tool, the simulation results are compared to the theoretical performance and to experimental results, obtained using the NEC LinkBird-MX C2X device. The proposed simulation tool can be useful to study the impact of vehicles distance, speed and operating scenario on the reliability of the communication system, once fixed the hardware apparatus, or to specify the performance of the hardware components needed to ensure a given V2X communication performance

Design of RF Receiver Front end Subsystems with Low Noise Amplifier and Active Mixer for Intelligent Transportation Systems Application

This paper presents the design, simulation, and characterization of a novel low-noise amplifier (LNA) and active mixer for intelligent transportation system applications. A low noise amplifier is the key component of RF receiver systems. Design, simulation, and characterization of LNA have been performed to obtain the optimum value of noise figure, gain and reflection coefficient. Proposed LNA achieves measured voltage gains of ~18 dB, reflection coefficients of -20 dB, and noise figures of ~2 dB at 5.9 GHz, respectively. The active mixer is a better choice for a modern receiver system over a passive mixer. Key sight advanced design system in conjunction with the electromagnetic simulation tool, has been to obtain the optimal conversion gain and noise figure of the active mixer. The lower and upper resonant frequencies of mixer have been obtained at 2.45 GHz and 5.25 GHz, respectively. The measured conversion gains at lower and upper frequencies are 12 dB and 10.2 dB, respectively. The measured noise figures at lower and upper frequencies are 5.8 dB and 6.5 dB, respectively. The measured mixer interception point at lower and upper frequencies are 3.9 dBm and 4.2 dBm

System-level modelling/analysis and LNA design in low-cost automotive technology of a V2X wireless transceiver

The paper presents the transistor-level design, using Keysight ADS environment, of a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), the key block of wireless transceivers in automotive V2X (vehicle to everything) applications. A system-level exploration of the transceiver, using an end-to-end Simulink model annotated bottom up with transistor-level circuit performance, is also presented. The system model allows analyzing the impact of LNA noise figure, gain and non-linearity on the error vector magnitude of the modem constellation. To this aim, a multi-carrier modulation scheme with QPSK bit-loading is used. To meet the stringent cost requirements of the large volume automotive market, a low-cost 0.35 µm CMOS technology is used. The technology is compliant with an automotive qualified flow and allows for the system-on-chip design of V2X transceivers. The achieved performance, although limited by the low Q value (<10) of the inductors available in the technology library, still ensure that the LNA is compliant with the physical layer, around 5.8 – 5.9 GHz, of IEEE 802.11p, CEN DRSC and ETSI ITS-G5 standard