The Budget Funding of the Public Higher Education in Some European Countries

This comparative study concerning public superior education system finance has been accomplished in order to highlight the main public superior education system financing mechanisms used in a few European countries considering a financing future model projection, able to make the public financing allocation for superior educational system more and more efficient. In the past, in Europe, the financing mechanisms had been involving negotiations between the public or private superior education institutions on the allocated funds, their calculation on the real costs supported by institutions and grants awarded, divided on budgetary categories. Nowadays, the public superior educational system financing mechanisms had suffered important kind of changes, if we consider the granted sums calculation formulas, as well as the measures for correlation of public financing quantum with the financed university performance. Each financing model presents strong points as well as weak ones, as there isn’t any perfect financing model which can be adapted to any country, because the choosing of the model usually implies a compromise between the different objectives that have to be reached by the higher education. Owed to public superior educational system financing system analysis from a few European countries (Romania, Great Britain, France, Denmark,), we may conclude that a perfect adaptable financing system for each European country doesn’t exist; the adaptability degree of these mechanisms depends on a different factors number, of a historic, social, legal, political and economical nature.Superior Education System financing, financing mechanisms, financing on formulas, performance criteria, input criteria, performance contract

The Health Care Financing Maze for Working-Age People with Disabilities

Much of the research on health care financing for people with disabilities has focused on the Medicaid and Medicare programs. The findings of this research often highlight the inadequacies of those programs in providing appropriate services to address the special needs of people with disabilities. A focus on these large programs, however, obscures the role of other public and private insurers, as well as the role of programs that provide many additional services to this population – all of which add complexity to the system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the health care financing system as a whole, including the large public programs, other public and private insurers, and the many other programs that provide additional services. The description of the system highlights structural problems that need to be addressed in order to substantially improve the delivery of health and related services to people with disabilities. In the next section, we describe each source of health care financing for working-age people with disabilities and highlight its implications for service delivery and quality of life. In the concluding section, we describe the key structural shortcomings of the current financing system, assess the extent to which current reform efforts are addressing these shortcomings, and discuss the implications for broader efforts to reform health care financing system

Submission System Designing Financing / Credit in Al-jibaal Bmt

Use of computer equipment in the field of administration in finance / credit helpssmooth running of the system that existed at the AL-JIBAAL BMT and can supportefficiency and productivity. In the old system in data processing still using manualsystems, which can lead to much accumulation of documents and files can be a timeof data loss or destruction of data. Circumstances of such data will impede thepresentation of data and require a long time in search of information.Use of Microsoft Access applications for finance administration / credit is helping toovercome the obstacles that occur in the preparation of reports, expedite informationfor AL-JIBAAL BMT or the parties who need and can avoid kerangkapan data

Centralized or decentralized financing of local governments? Consequences for efficiency and inequality of service provision

Compared with most countries the Norwegian system of financing local governments is highly centralized. Grants make up a substantial part of revenues and local taxes are highly regulated by the center. The development of the system was motivated by a desire to equalize service provision throughout the country. The purpose of this paper is to analyze possible consequences of more decentralized financing with local tax discretion. Contrary to the conventional wisdom the analysis indicates that decentralized financing is likely to give more equal provision of local public services. In addition, substantial efficiency gains can be obtained.Centralized financing; Decentralized financing; Tax discretion; Efficiency gains; Equalization

Higher Education Financing: a Comparison Romania and United Kingdom

The present paper is motivated by the importance of financing for the higher education sector. The formulae based financing Romanian higher education system has been inspired from the British financing system. In this context the paper makes a comparison between the higher education financing system in Romania with the one from United Kingdom. Similarities and differences are identified and potential consequences for the sector. The paper concludes that at present at international level, public money is not enough to support higher education and that it is a necessity to encourage HEIs to attract also private funds. Based on the results of a country with a long experience in using the formulae based funding mechanism and the results of a country that recently started to use this funding mechanism, coupled with the fact that both countries use additional funding sources and mechanisms, we can conclude that at present formulae based funding mechanisms are suitable systems to allocate public funds. At the same time they have to be used together with other mechanisms to attract funds from both public and private sources in order to ensure a good financing of the higher education sector.higher education; financing; comparison Romania versus United Kingdom.

Fresh Start: The Impact of Public Campaign Financing in Connecticut

Connecticut has offered a voluntary public financing system for state-wide constitutional and General Assembly offices since 2008. Through financing from the Citizens' Election Fund, candidates that obtain the required number of small donations can receive a lump sum to fund their campaign. The program is very popular and in 2012, 77 percent of successful candidates were publicly financed. This report looks at the impact public financing has had on campaigning, the legislative process, policy outcomes, and the dynamics of the legislature. Empirical data is supplemented with interviews with current and former legislators from both Republican and Democratic parties, elected state officials, and advocates to highlight the impact of public financing in the state. While only a few electoral cycles in, it is clear that public financing is a fundamental step towards a more representative legislative process that is more responsive to constituents

Federal Employees’ Retirement System: Benefits and Financing

[Excerpt] Most civilian federal employees who were hired before 1984 are covered by the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). Under CSRS, employees do not pay Social Security taxes or earn Social Security benefits. Federal employees first hired in 1984 or later are covered by the Federal Employees’ Retirement System (FERS). All federal employees who are enrolled in FERS pay Social Security taxes and earn Social Security benefits. Federal employees enrolled in either CSRS or FERS also may contribute to the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP); however, only employees enrolled in FERS are eligible for employer matching contributions to the TSP

BASES OF STATE SUPERIOR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCING FROM ROMANIA

This study concerning state superior educational system financing comes to emphasize the main state superior educational system financing forms from Romania, looking forward to find new future state superior educational system financing forms. Romanian educational system reduced financing imposes a special attention for educational process, concerning both quality and, especially, an appropriate financing level endowment. For the future of academic education, it is vital to be found new financing sources, because a composite, diversified financing leads to the raise of total amount of resources at the service of universities, to their freedom degree, too, making them capable to undertake the constraint imposed by the dependence of a solely financing source.the financing of the academic education, private funds financing, public fund financing, public funds usage surveillance.

Infrastructure in South Africa: Who is to finance and who is to pay?

Against the backdrop of shifting views on the role of government in the provision of infrastructure, this paper distinguishes between the payment for and financing of the South African Government’s infrastructure investment programme. The paper also presents a classification system that enables a systematic mapping of all prospective projects, with reference to considerations of efficiency and equity. This mapping should assist in macro planning and in any analysis of the financial implications of project financing and cost recovery at all levels of government. The government’s financing strategy is questioned and alternatives are identified. The prospects for mobilising funds other than tax revenue are assessed, namely government loans, private equity, development finance and donor funds. Four investment projects are considered with a view to testing the classification system and evaluating the chosen financing options in terms of economic criteria.Infrastructure financing, government loans, benefit taxation, guarantees, private-public partnerships, South Africa