2,013 research outputs found
Information actors beyond modernity and coloniality in times of climate change:A comparative design ethnography on the making of monitors for sustainable futures in Curaçao and Amsterdam, between 2019-2022
In his dissertation, Mr. Goilo developed a cutting-edge theoretical framework for an Anthropology of Information. This study compares information in the context of modernity in Amsterdam and coloniality in Curaçao through the making process of monitors and develops five ways to understand how information can act towards sustainable futures. The research also discusses how the two contexts, that is modernity and coloniality, have been in informational symbiosis for centuries which is producing negative informational side effects within the age of the Anthropocene. By exploring the modernity-coloniality symbiosis of information, the author explains how scholars, policymakers, and data-analysts can act through historical and structural roots of contemporary global inequities related to the production and distribution of information. Ultimately, the five theses propose conditions towards the collective production of knowledge towards a more sustainable planet
Location Reference Recognition from Texts: A Survey and Comparison
A vast amount of location information exists in unstructured texts, such as social media posts, news stories, scientific articles, web pages, travel blogs, and historical archives. Geoparsing refers to recognizing location references from texts and identifying their geospatial representations. While geoparsing can benefit many domains, a summary of its specific applications is still missing. Further, there is a lack of a comprehensive review and comparison of existing approaches for location reference recognition, which is the first and core step of geoparsing. To fill these research gaps, this review first summarizes seven typical application domains of geoparsing: geographic information retrieval, disaster management, disease surveillance, traffic management, spatial humanities, tourism management, and crime management. We then review existing approaches for location reference recognition by categorizing these approaches into four groups based on their underlying functional principle: rule-based, gazetteer matching–based, statistical learning-–based, and hybrid approaches. Next, we thoroughly evaluate the correctness and computational efficiency of the 27 most widely used approaches for location reference recognition based on 26 public datasets with different types of texts (e.g., social media posts and news stories) containing 39,736 location references worldwide. Results from this thorough evaluation can help inform future methodological developments and can help guide the selection of proper approaches based on application needs
Measuring the Impact of China’s Digital Heritage: Developing Multidimensional Impact Indicators for Digital Museum Resources
This research investigates how to best assess the impact of China’s digital heritage and focuses on digital museum resources. It is motivated by the need for tools to help governing bodies and heritage organisations assess the impact of digital heritage resources. The research sits at the intersection of Chinese cultural heritage, digital heritage, and impact assessment (IA) studies, which forms the theoretical framework of the thesis. Informed by the Balanced Value Impact (BVI) Model, this thesis addresses the following questions: 1. How do Western heritage discourses and Chinese culture shape ‘cultural heritage’ and the museum digital ecosystem in modern China? 2. Which indicators demonstrate the multidimensional impacts of digital museum resources in China? How should the BVI Model be adapted to fit the Chinese cultural landscape? 3. How do different stakeholders perceive these impact indicators? What are the implications for impact indicator development and application? This research applies a mixed-method approach, combining desk research, survey, and interview with both public audiences and museum professionals. The research findings identify 18 impact indicators, covering economic, social, innovation and operational dimensions. Notably, the perceived usefulness and importance of different impact indicators vary among and between public participants and museum professionals. The study finds the BVI Model helpful in guiding the indicator development process, particularly in laying a solid foundation to inform decision-making. The Strategic Perspectives and Value Lenses provide a structure to organise various indicators and keep them focused on the impact objectives. However, the findings also suggest that the Value Lenses are merely signifiers; their signified meanings change with cultural contexts and should be examined when the Model is applied in a different cultural setting. This research addresses the absence of digital resource IA in China’s heritage sector. It contributes to the field of IA for digital heritage within and beyond the Chinese context by challenging the current target-setting culture in performance evaluation. Moreover, the research ratifies the utility of the BVI Model while modifying it to fit China’s unique cultural setting. This thesis as a whole demonstrates the value of using multidimensional impact indicators for evidence-based decision-making and better museum practices in the digital domain
Archaeological palaeoenvironmental archives: challenges and potential
This Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) sponsored collaborative doctoral project represents one of
the most significant efforts to collate quantitative and qualitative data that can elucidate practices related to
archaeological palaeoenvironmental archiving in England. The research has revealed that archived
palaeoenvironmental remains are valuable resources for archaeological research and can clarify subjects that
include the adoption and importation of exotic species, plant and insect invasion, human health and diet, and
plant and animal husbandry practices. In addition to scientific research, archived palaeoenvironmental remains
can provide evidence-based narratives of human resilience and climate change and offer evidence of the
scientific process, making them ideal resources for public science engagement. These areas of potential have
been realised at an imperative time; given that waterlogged palaeoenvironmental remains at significant sites
such as Star Carr, Must Farm, and Flag Fen, archaeological deposits in towns and cities are at risk of decay due
to climate change-related factors, and unsustainable agricultural practices. Innovative approaches to collecting
and archiving palaeoenvironmental remains and maintaining existing archives will permit the creation of an
accessible and thorough national resource that can service archaeologists and researchers in the related fields
of biology and natural history. Furthermore, a concerted effort to recognise absences in archaeological
archives, matched by an effort to supply these deficiencies, can produce a resource that can contribute to an
enduring geographical and temporal record of England's biodiversity, which can be used in perpetuity in the
face of diminishing archaeological and contemporary natural resources.
To realise these opportunities, particular challenges must be overcome. The most prominent of these include
inconsistent collection policies resulting from pressures associated with shortages in storage capacity and
declining specialist knowledge in museums and repositories combined with variable curation practices. Many of
these challenges can be resolved by developing a dedicated storage facility that can focus on the ongoing
conservation and curation of palaeoenvironmental remains. Combined with an OASIS + module designed to
handle and disseminate data pertaining to palaeoenvironmental archives, remains would be findable,
accessible, and interoperable with biological archives and collections worldwide. Providing a national centre for
curating palaeoenvironmental remains and a dedicated digital repository will require significant funding.
Funding sources could be identified through collaboration with other disciplines. If sufficient funding cannot be
identified, options that would require less financial investment, such as high-level archive audits and the
production of guidance documents, will be able to assist all stakeholders with the improved curation,
management, and promotion of the archived resource
2023-2024 Graduate School Catalog
You and your peers represent more than 67 countries and your shared scholarship spans 140 programs - from business administration and biomedical engineering to history, horticulture, musical performance, marine science, and more. Your ideas and interests will inform public health, create opportunities for art and innovation, contribute to the greater good, and positively impact economic development in Maine and beyond
Überlegungen zu einem Bewertungssystem für Forschungsdatenpublikationen unter Einbezug der FAIR-Prinzipien
Forschungsdaten sind wesentlicher Bestandteil des Wissenschaftskreislaufes. Sie sind eine
der wesentlichsten Grundlagen von Forschung und damit auch Ausgangspunkt neuer
Erkenntnisse, von Innovationen und dadurch nicht zuletzt auch eine Basis wirtschaftlichen
Fortschritts. Gleichermaßen können Forschungsdaten durch ihre Einzigartigkeit (bspw.
Observationsdaten) Schaufenster in die Vergangenheit sein und dabei helfen, die Zukunft
zu antizipieren. Daten werden mithin als einer der Rohstoffe des 21. Jahrhunderts bezeichnet und geraten vermehrt in den Fokus verschiedener Stakeholder. Insbesondere im Rahmen öffentlich finanzierter Wissenschaft und Forschung werden die Anforderungen an Forschende immer größer, die aus der geförderten Tätigkeit entstandenen Forschungsdaten unter dem Paradigma der Open Science offen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Daraus erwachsen große Herausforderungen für Datenproduzent:innen. Denn die qualitative Aufbereitung von Forschungsdaten zum Zwecke der Publikation, um die Auffindbarkeit und sinnvolle
Nachnutzung durch Dritte zu ermöglichen, stellt eine Aufgabe mit teils erheblichen
Zusatzaufwand bei stark begrenzten zeitlichen Ressourcen dar. Die Anerkennung dieser
Zusatzleistung in der Bewertung wissenschaftlicher Leistungen könnte einen wichtigen
Anreiz für das Erbringen dieses zusätzlichen Aufwandes bieten. Die vorliegende Arbeit
geht der Frage nach, wie ein Bewertungssystem für Forschungsdatenpublikationen
aussehen könnte und nimmt dabei auch aktuell genutzte publikationsbezogene Metriken
und Indikatoren kritisch in den Blick. Insbesondere wird diskutiert, ob die FAIR-Prinzipien
bei der Erarbeitung eines Rahmenwerkes für die Qualität von Datenpublikationen operationalisiert werden können. Abschließend wird die Idee eines „Data Score" vorgestellt.
Die Arbeit fokussiert auf Datenpublikationen in den Geowissenschaften und bezieht dementsprechend die Expertise eines Ausschnitts der deutschen geowissenschaftlichen Fachgemeinschaft in Form einer Befragung ein
Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management
This book is a reprint of the Special Issue 'Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management' that was published in the journal Buildings
Regional water balance analysis of glacierised river basins in the north-eastern Himalaya applying the J2000 hydrological model
The glacierised basins of the Northeast Himalayan region are highly vulnerable to climate-change impacts. The spatio-temporal hydroclimatic and physiographic variability impact the water balance of these glacierised basins across the region. This study assesses the glaciohydrological processes and dynamics in the data scarce region for the present as well future climate change scenarios by regional water balance analysis. The J2000 hydrological model was adapted to incorporate the frozen ground as well as glacier dynamics in a stepwise, nested basin calibration approach. The modelled ERA-Interim precipitation data cannot capture the high amplitude orographic and convective events. Therefore, Orographic correction factors were used to inversely correct the ERA-Interim precipitation data to account for the orographic as well as cyclonic precipitation in the region from reported glacier mass balance and evapotranspiration estimates. Monthly temperature lapse rate was adopted for correcting the ERA-Interim temperature dataset. The Beki basin was selected as the donor basin for model development and evaluation. The parameters from the Beki basin were regionalised to the receptor Lohit and the Noadihing basins by the Proxy-basin method. Multi-objective optimization criteria such as the Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) for temporal dynamics and flow distribution and Bias for overall water balance showed high to moderate conformity between measured and simulated discharge at the corresponding basin outlets. The variability in the water balance and runoff components among the three basins was primarily related to the spatio-temporal variation in the mean annual precipitation, runoff and evapotranspiration estimates. The impact of climate-change scenarios on the study basins indicated that water availability would sustain until the end of the century due to higher projected precipitation even though after the depletion of glaciers in the region
Architectural Education In Times Of Uncertainty
Architecture and, by extension, architectural education are severely challenged by the scale and magnitude as well as the complexity of current criticalities. The climate breakdown, the loss of biodiversity, and the impending resource depletion call for a radical rethinking of what is inherent to architecture, but also of how architecture relates to the economy, society, and nature. The certainties our profession has long relied upon are becoming less and less convincing. Technology alone seems unable to provide us with credible answers for our troubled present; a new paradigm is still at large, further contributing to an ever-growing sense of instability. What will the future look like? Uncertainty takes over as a condition of being while knowing that any decisions we make will be imperfect, just like our view of the world is imperfect. But should we account for uncertainty as a vulnerability? Or can uncertainty free us at last from our pre-established notions and biases towards the making of a new architecture that is informed by a completely different set of principles and values? How are architectural education and pedagogy then affected by this predicament
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