79,568 research outputs found
Dependability Analysis of Control Systems using SystemC and Statistical Model Checking
Stochastic Petri nets are commonly used for modeling distributed systems in
order to study their performance and dependability. This paper proposes a
realization of stochastic Petri nets in SystemC for modeling large embedded
control systems. Then statistical model checking is used to analyze the
dependability of the constructed model. Our verification framework allows users
to express a wide range of useful properties to be verified which is
illustrated through a case study
Intermittency in Turbulence: computing the scaling exponents in shell models
We discuss a stochastic closure for the equation of motion satisfied by
multi-scale correlation functions in the framework of shell models of
turbulence. We give a systematic procedure to calculate the anomalous scaling
exponents of structure functions by using the exact constraints imposed by the
equation of motion. We present an explicit calculation for fifth order scaling
exponent at varying the free parameter entering in the non-linear term of the
model. The same method applied to the case of shell models for Kraichnan
passive scalar provides a connection between the concept of zero-modes and
time-dependent cascade processes.Comment: 12 pages, 5 eps figure
Process algebra for performance evaluation
This paper surveys the theoretical developments in the field of stochastic process algebras, process algebras where action occurrences may be subject to a delay that is determined by a random variable. A huge class of resource-sharing systems – like large-scale computers, client–server architectures, networks – can accurately be described using such stochastic specification formalisms. The main emphasis of this paper is the treatment of operational semantics, notions of equivalence, and (sound and complete) axiomatisations of these equivalences for different types of Markovian process algebras, where delays are governed by exponential distributions. Starting from a simple actionless algebra for describing time-homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, we consider the integration of actions and random delays both as a single entity (like in known Markovian process algebras like TIPP, PEPA and EMPA) and as separate entities (like in the timed process algebras timed CSP and TCCS). In total we consider four related calculi and investigate their relationship to existing Markovian process algebras. We also briefly indicate how one can profit from the separation of time and actions when incorporating more general, non-Markovian distributions
Network Plasticity as Bayesian Inference
General results from statistical learning theory suggest to understand not
only brain computations, but also brain plasticity as probabilistic inference.
But a model for that has been missing. We propose that inherently stochastic
features of synaptic plasticity and spine motility enable cortical networks of
neurons to carry out probabilistic inference by sampling from a posterior
distribution of network configurations. This model provides a viable
alternative to existing models that propose convergence of parameters to
maximum likelihood values. It explains how priors on weight distributions and
connection probabilities can be merged optimally with learned experience, how
cortical networks can generalize learned information so well to novel
experiences, and how they can compensate continuously for unforeseen
disturbances of the network. The resulting new theory of network plasticity
explains from a functional perspective a number of experimental data on
stochastic aspects of synaptic plasticity that previously appeared to be quite
puzzling.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures, the supplement is available on the author's web
page http://www.igi.tugraz.at/kappe
Parallel BioScape: A Stochastic and Parallel Language for Mobile and Spatial Interactions
BioScape is a concurrent language motivated by the biological landscapes
found at the interface of biology and biomaterials. It has been motivated by
the need to model antibacterial surfaces, biofilm formation, and the effect of
DNAse in treating and preventing biofilm infections. As its predecessor, SPiM,
BioScape has a sequential semantics based on Gillespie's algorithm, and its
implementation does not scale beyond 1000 agents. However, in order to model
larger and more realistic systems, a semantics that may take advantage of the
new multi-core and GPU architectures is needed. This motivates the introduction
of parallel semantics, which is the contribution of this paper: Parallel
BioScape, an extension with fully parallel semantics.Comment: In Proceedings MeCBIC 2012, arXiv:1211.347
Simulating non-Markovian stochastic processes
We present a simple and general framework to simulate statistically correct
realizations of a system of non-Markovian discrete stochastic processes. We
give the exact analytical solution and a practical an efficient algorithm alike
the Gillespie algorithm for Markovian processes, with the difference that now
the occurrence rates of the events depend on the time elapsed since the event
last took place. We use our non-Markovian generalized Gillespie stochastic
simulation methodology to investigate the effects of non-exponential
inter-event time distributions in the susceptible-infected-susceptible model of
epidemic spreading. Strikingly, our results unveil the drastic effects that
very subtle differences in the modeling of non-Markovian processes have on the
global behavior of complex systems, with important implications for their
understanding and prediction. We also assess our generalized Gillespie
algorithm on a system of biochemical reactions with time delays. As compared to
other existing methods, we find that the generalized Gillespie algorithm is the
most general as it can be implemented very easily in cases, like for delays
coupled to the evolution of the system, where other algorithms do not work or
need adapted versions, less efficient in computational terms.Comment: Improvement of the algorithm, new results, and a major reorganization
of the paper thanks to our coauthors L. Lafuerza and R. Tora
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