Static electricity in the Apollo spacecraft

Static electricity ignition hazards in Apollo spacecraf

Static electricity of polymers reduced by treatment with iodine

Treating organic polymers with iodine improves the electrical conductivity. Diffusion enables products of desired properties to be custom formulated. This eliminates a buildup of static electricity and the need for fillers or bound metal salts

Short and long-run time-of-use price elasticities in Swiss residential electricity demand

This paper presents an empirical analysis on the residential demand for electricity by time-of-day. This analysis has been performed using aggregate data at the city level for 22 Swiss cities for the period 2000 to 2006. For this purpose, we estimated two log-log demand equations for peak and off-peak electricity consumption using a static and a dynamic partial adjustment approach. These demand functions were estimated using several econometric approaches for panel data, for example LSDV, RE for static models and corrected LSDV, and GMM estimators for dynamic models. The attempt of this empirical analysis has been to highlight some of the characteristics of the Swiss residential electricity demand. The estimated short-run own price elasticities are lower than 1, whereas in the long-run these values, as expected, are higher than 1. The estimated short run as well as long run cross-price elasticities are positive. This result shows that peak and off-peak electricity are substitutes. In this context, time differentiated prices should provide an economic incentive to customers so that they can modify consumption patterns by reducing peak demand and shifting electricity consumption from peak to off-peak periods.residential electricity demand by time-of-use, time-of-use rates, panel data, partial adjustment model

On the Real Exchange Rate Effects of Higher Electricity Prices in South Africa

The paper uses a static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of South Africa and simulates various shocks to the price of electricity. We attempt different closures to the model and compare their respective effects on the Consumer Price Index. In a CGE model, this is measuring the real appreciation of the exchange rate, or international trade competitiveness. In general, we conclude that electricity prices per se does not significantly influence the real exchange rate, regardless of which closure is used.

On the Real Exchange Rate Effects of Higher Electricity Prices in South Africa

The paper uses a static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of South Africa and simulates various shocks to the price of electricity. We attempt di¤erent closures to the model and compare their respective e¤ects on the Consumer Price Index. In a CGE model, this is measuring the real appreciation of the exchange rate, or international trade competitiveness. In general, we conclude that electricity prices per se does not signi?cantly in?uence the real exchange rate, regardless of which closure is used.

Control of static electricity in 35mm film transports under vacuum conditions

Control of static electricity in transporting 35mm film in vacuu

Why did British Electricity Prices Fall after 1998?

In an attempt to reduce high electricity prices in England and Wales the government has reduced concentration among generators and introduced New Electricity Trading Arrangements (NETA). Econometric analysis on monthly data from April 1996 to September 2002 implies support for two conflicting hypotheses. On a static view, increases in competition and the capacity margin were chiefly responsible for the fall in prices. If generators had been tacitly colluding before NETA, however, the impending change in market rules might have changed their behaviour a few months before the abolition of the Pool. That view implies that NETA reduced prices.Electricity, market power, concentration, market rules

Development of Three Tier Static Electricity Diagnostic Test to Identify Student Conceptions About Static Electricity

The purpose of this research was to develop and validate Three Tier Static Electricity Diagnostic Test (TTSEDT). The development procedure consists of four stages: define, design, develop, and validation. The subjects of this study consist of 2 physics education experts and 120 high school students, in 12th grade. The response of two experts was used to determine the content validity of TTSEDT. Meanwhile, the students\u27 responses were used to determine the items internal consistency, discrimination index, difficulty index, and reliability index. The reliability of TTSDET was determined by KR-20. The results showed that: (1) TTSEDT meet content validity which means that TTSEDT items are really measures the students\u27 conceptions and misconceptions about static electricity; (2) the items internal consistency index is in the interval 0.20-0.47; (3) the items discrimination index is higher than 0.20; (4) the difficulty index of test items is in the interval of 0.25 - 0.75;  (5) the reliability index  of TTSEDT is 0.73 (p<0.05). TTSEDT is a valid, reliable, and effective instrument for identifying students\u27 conceptions of static electricity