111 research outputs found

    Applications

    Get PDF
    Volume 3 describes how resource-aware machine learning methods and techniques are used to successfully solve real-world problems. The book provides numerous specific application examples: in health and medicine for risk modelling, diagnosis, and treatment selection for diseases in electronics, steel production and milling for quality control during manufacturing processes in traffic, logistics for smart cities and for mobile communications

    The Liberation Argument for Inconsistent Mathematics

    Get PDF
    Val Plumwood charged classical logic not only with the invalidity of some of its laws, but also with the support of systemic oppression through naturalization of the logical structure of dualisms. In this paper I show that the latter charge - unlike the former - can be carried over to classical mathematics, and I propose a new conception of inconsistent mathematics - queer incomaths - as a liberatory activity meant to undermine said naturalization

    Methods in Contemporary Linguistics

    Get PDF
    The present volume is a broad overview of methods and methodologies in linguistics, illustrated with examples from concrete research. It collects insights gained from a broad range of linguistic sub-disciplines, ranging from core disciplines to topics in cross-linguistic and language-internal diversity or to contributions towards language, space and society. Given its critical and innovative nature, the volume is a valuable source for students and researchers of a broad range of linguistic interests

    From the Precision Era towards the Accuracy Era of Cosmology with DESI

    Get PDF
    [eng] Despite the successes of the cosmological ΛCDM model and having entered the "Precision Era of Cosmology" there are still open questions. The principal model ingredients, ΛCDM, contribute to ~95% of the total energy density of the universe, but their underlying nature is still completely unknown. This lack of understanding is the main science driver behind many experimental and observational missions as well as theoretical efforts within the field of fundamental physics. Furthermore, different cosmological observations favor different parameter values, where the most famous discrepancy is the up to (depending on the considered dataset) ~5σ "tension" between model-dependent early-time and direct late-time measurements of the Hubble constant H0. The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey is one of these campaigns. As the name indicates, it was launched to unravel the mystery of dark energy by measuring millions of distant galaxy and quasar spectra to create the largest, three-dimensional map of the large scale structure of the universe ever obtained. From that map, the DESI collaboration aims to extract both the expansion history and the growth rate of structures history throughout cosmic time. The expansion history is obtained via the so-called standard ruler technique: distances (in function of redshift) are measured in units of a characteristic scale, the standard ruler, which is an imprint of the gravity-pressure waves in early universe leading to the so-called baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). The growth rate of structures is traced by the measurement of the anisotropy of galaxy clustering along and across the line-of-sight, which is induced by the peculiar velocities of galaxies impacting the redshift measurements from their spectra. As a consequence, distances inferred from these redshifts are distorted, hence this effect is called redshift-space distortions (RSD). Both the BAO and RSD observables deliver a pristine probe of the late-time dynamics of the universe. In the first part of this thesis we present a method to blind the galaxy catalogs to mimic different BAO and RSD signals. Upcoming DESI data will benefit from blinding in order to remove the impact of confirmation bias on cosmological results. We explore two blinding shifts at the catalog level, perturbing individual galaxy positions within the galaxy clustering catalog along the line of sight. The first one is a purely geometrical shift based on a different expansion law. In the second one redshifts are shifted depending on the galaxy density field mimicking RSD with a modified growth rate. We test both blinding shifts by performing BAO and full shape RSD analyses on original and blinded galaxy mocks. In the second part, we elevate the established way how BAO and RSD analyses are performed towards including another observable, the shape of the clustering signal as function of galaxy separations. While the BAO and RSD incorporate the horizontal and vertical information respectively in the clustering signal, the shape captures the "diagonal" information. We find that this technique called ShapeFit is sufficient to obtain cosmological constraints as tight as direct model fits to galaxy two-point statistics while preserving the advantages of model-independence of the standard BAO and RSD analyses. Both parts of this thesis stress the importance of model-agnosticism in the context of large surveys and cosmological tensions. They play a crucial role for the DESI survey cosmological analysis providing a road to transition from the "Precision Era" to the "Accuracy Era" of cosmology.[spa] El trabajo de esta tesis, basada en proyectos para el Instrumento Espectroscópico de Energía Oscura (DESI), consiste de dos partes. En la primera parte de esta tesis presentamos un método de cegado en los catálogos de galaxias que enmascara las señales reales de “oscilaciones acústicas de bariones” (BAO) y “distorsiones del espacio de corrimiento al rojo” (RSD). Los futuros datos de DESI se beneficiarán de este cegado para eliminar el impacto del sesgo de confirmación en los resultados cosmológicos. Exploramos dos tipos de desplazamientos para este cegado a nivel de catálogo, perturbando las posiciones individuales de las galaxias a lo largo de la línea de visión. El primero es un desplazamiento puramente geométrico basado en una ley de expansión del universo diferente. En el segundo, los corrimientos al rojo se desplazan en función del campo de densidad de las galaxias imitando una señal de RSD con una tasa de crecimiento de estructura modificada. Demostramos que ambos desplazamientos distorsionan las señales de forma coherente al realizar análisis de BAO y RSD en los catálogos originales y ciegos. En la segunda parte, mejoramos el estado del arte en que se realizan los análisis BAO y RSD incluyendo un nuevo observable, la “forma” de la señal de agrupamiento en función de las separaciones de las galaxias. Mientras que las señales de BAO y el RSD incorporan la información horizontal y vertical respectivamente en la señal de agrupamiento, la forma capta la información "diagonal". Encontramos que esta técnica llamada ShapeFit es suficiente para obtener mediciones cosmológicas tan precisas como los ajustes directos del modelo a las estadísticas de dos puntos de las galaxias, preservando al mismo tiempo las ventajas de la independencia del modelo de los análisis estándar BAO y RSD. Ambas partes de esta tesis subrayan la importancia del agnosticismo hacia el modelo en el contexto de los grandes sondeos y las tensiones cosmológicas. Estas, despeñan un papel crucial para el análisis cosmológico del sondeo DESI, y proporcionan un camino para la transición entre la "Era de la Precisión" a la "Era de la Exactitud" de la cosmología

    Unveiling the Universe with emerging cosmological probes

    Get PDF
    The detection of the accelerated expansion of the Universe has been one of the major breakthroughs in modern cosmology. Several cosmological probes (Cosmic Microwave Background, Supernovae Type Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations) have been studied in depth to better understand the nature of the mechanism driving this acceleration, and they are being currently pushed to their limits, obtaining remarkable constraints that allowed us to shape the standard cosmological model. In parallel to that, however, the percent precision achieved has recently revealed apparent tensions between measurements obtained from different methods. These are either indicating some unaccounted systematic effects, or are pointing toward new physics. Following the development of CMB, SNe, and BAO cosmology, it is critical to extend our selection of cosmological probes. Novel probes can be exploited to validate results, control or mitigate systematic effects, and, most importantly, to increase the accuracy and robustness of our results. This review is meant to provide a state-of-art benchmark of the latest advances in emerging “beyond-standard” cosmological probes. We present how several different methods can become a key resource for observational cosmology. In particular, we review cosmic chronometers, quasars, gamma-ray bursts, standard sirens, lensing time-delay with galaxies and clusters, cosmic voids, neutral hydrogen intensity mapping, surface brightness fluctuations, stellar ages of the oldest objects, secular redshift drift, and clustering of standard candles. The review describes the method, systematics, and results of each probe in a homogeneous way, giving the reader a clear picture of the available innovative methods that have been introduced in recent years and how to apply them. The review also discusses the potential synergies and complementarities between the various probes, exploring how they will contribute to the future of modern cosmology

    Collected Papers (on various scientific topics), Volume XIII

    Get PDF
    This thirteenth volume of Collected Papers is an eclectic tome of 88 papers in various fields of sciences, such as astronomy, biology, calculus, economics, education and administration, game theory, geometry, graph theory, information fusion, decision making, instantaneous physics, quantum physics, neutrosophic logic and set, non-Euclidean geometry, number theory, paradoxes, philosophy of science, scientific research methods, statistics, and others, structured in 17 chapters (Neutrosophic Theory and Applications; Neutrosophic Algebra; Fuzzy Soft Sets; Neutrosophic Sets; Hypersoft Sets; Neutrosophic Semigroups; Neutrosophic Graphs; Superhypergraphs; Plithogeny; Information Fusion; Statistics; Decision Making; Extenics; Instantaneous Physics; Paradoxism; Mathematica; Miscellanea), comprising 965 pages, published between 2005-2022 in different scientific journals, by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 110 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 26 countries: Abduallah Gamal, Sania Afzal, Firoz Ahmad, Muhammad Akram, Sheriful Alam, Ali Hamza, Ali H. M. Al-Obaidi, Madeleine Al-Tahan, Assia Bakali, Atiqe Ur Rahman, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Bilal Hadjadji, Robert N. Boyd, Willem K.M. Brauers, Umit Cali, Youcef Chibani, Victor Christianto, Chunxin Bo, Shyamal Dalapati, Mario Dalcín, Arup Kumar Das, Elham Davneshvar, Bijan Davvaz, Irfan Deli, Muhammet Deveci, Mamouni Dhar, R. Dhavaseelan, Balasubramanian Elavarasan, Sara Farooq, Haipeng Wang, Ugur Halden, Le Hoang Son, Hongnian Yu, Qays Hatem Imran, Mayas Ismail, Saeid Jafari, Jun Ye, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Darjan Karabašević, Abdullah Kargın, Vasilios N. Katsikis, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, M. Khoshnevisan, Tapan Kumar Roy, Pinaki Majumdar, Sreepurna Malakar, Masoud Ghods, Minghao Hu, Mingming Chen, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Talea, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohamed Loey, Mihnea Alexandru Moisescu, Muhammad Ihsan, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Shabir, Mumtaz Ali, Muzzamal Sitara, Nassim Abbas, Munazza Naz, Giorgio Nordo, Mani Parimala, Ion Pătrașcu, Gabrijela Popović, K. Porselvi, Surapati Pramanik, D. Preethi, Qiang Guo, Riad K. Al-Hamido, Zahra Rostami, Said Broumi, Saima Anis, Muzafer Saračević, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Selvaraj Ganesan, Shammya Shananda Saha, Marayanagaraj Shanmugapriya, Songtao Shao, Sori Tjandrah Simbolon, Florentin Smarandache, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Dragiša Stanujkić, Raman Sundareswaran, Mehmet Șahin, Ovidiu-Ilie Șandru, Abdulkadir Șengür, Mohamed Talea, Ferhat Taș, Selçuk Topal, Alptekin Ulutaș, Ramalingam Udhayakumar, Yunita Umniyati, J. Vimala, Luige Vlădăreanu, Ştefan Vlăduţescu, Yaman Akbulut, Yanhui Guo, Yong Deng, You He, Young Bae Jun, Wangtao Yuan, Rong Xia, Xiaohong Zhang, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Zayen Azzouz Omar, Xiaohong Zhang, Zhirou Ma.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

    Unveiling the universe with emerging cosmological probes

    Get PDF
    The detection of the accelerated expansion of the Universe has been one of the major breakthroughs in modern cosmology. Several cosmological probes (Cosmic Microwave Background, Supernovae Type Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations) have been studied in depth to better understand the nature of the mechanism driving this acceleration, and they are being currently pushed to their limits, obtaining remarkable constraints that allowed us to shape the standard cosmological model. In parallel to that, however, the percent precision achieved has recently revealed apparent tensions between measurements obtained from different methods. These are either indicating some unaccounted systematic effects, or are pointing toward new physics. Following the development of CMB, SNe, and BAO cosmology, it is critical to extend our selection of cosmological probes. Novel probes can be exploited to validate results, control or mitigate systematic effects, and, most importantly, to increase the accuracy and robustness of our results. This review is meant to provide a state-of-art benchmark of the latest advances in emerging “beyond-standard” cosmological probes

    Cosmology intertwined: A review of the particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology associated with the cosmological tensions and anomalies

    Get PDF
    The standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) cosmological model provides a good description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a few big open questions that make the standard model look like an approximation to a more realistic scenario yet to be found. In this paper, we list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant H0, the σ8–S8 tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the 5.0 σ tension between the Planck CMB estimate of the Hubble constant H0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the H0 evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade’s experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the Planck CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density m, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure (σ8, f σ8). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the H0–S8 tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals. Finally, we give an overview of upgraded experiments and next-generation space missions and facilities on Earth that will be of crucial importance to address all these open questions
    corecore