Strong stability of 3-wise tt-intersecting families

Let $\mathcal G$ be a family of subsets of an $n$-element set. The family $\mathcal G$ is called $3$-wise $t$-intersecting if the intersection of any three subsets in $\mathcal G$ is of size at least $t$. For a real number $p\in(0,1)$ we define the measure of the family by the sum of $p^{|G|}(1-p)^{n-|G|}$ over all $G\in\mathcal G$. For example, if $\mathcal G$ consists of all subsets containing a fixed $t$-element set, then it is a $3$-wise $t$-intersecting family with the measure $p^t$. For a given $\delta>0$, by choosing $t$ sufficiently large, the following holds for all $p$ with $0<p\leq 2/(\sqrt{4t+9}-1)$. If $\mathcal G$ is a $3$-wise $t$-intersecting family with the measure at least $(\frac12+\delta)p^t$, then $\mathcal G$ satisfies one of (i) and (ii): (i) every subset in $\mathcal G$ contains a fixed $t$-element set, (ii) every subset in $\mathcal G$ contains at least $t+2$ elements from a fixed $(t+3)$-element set

Non-trivial 3-wise intersecting uniform families

A family of $k$-element subsets of an $n$-element set is called 3-wise intersecting if any three members in the family have non-empty intersection. We determine the maximum size of such families exactly or asymptotically. One of our results shows that for every $\epsilon>0$ there exists $n_0$ such that if $n>n_0$ and $\frac25+\epsilon<\frac kn<\frac 12-\epsilon$ then the maximum size is $4\binom{n-4}{k-3}+\binom{n-4}{k-4}$.Comment: 12 page

Dual virtual element method for discrete fractures networks

Discrete fracture networks is a key ingredient in the simulation of physical processes which involve fluid flow in the underground, when the surrounding rock matrix is considered impervious. In this paper we present two different models to compute the pressure field and Darcy velocity in the system. The first allows a normal flow out of a fracture at the intersections, while the second grants also a tangential flow along the intersections. For the numerical discretization, we use the mixed virtual finite element method as it is known to handle grid elements of, almost, any arbitrary shape. The flexibility of the discretization allows us to loosen the requirements on grid construction, and thus significantly simplify the flow discretization compared to traditional discrete fracture network models. A coarsening algorithm, from the algebraic multigrid literature, is also considered to further speed up the computation. The performance of the method is validated by numerical experiments

High dimensional Hoffman bound and applications in extremal combinatorics

One powerful method for upper-bounding the largest independent set in a graph is the Hoffman bound, which gives an upper bound on the largest independent set of a graph in terms of its eigenvalues. It is easily seen that the Hoffman bound is sharp on the tensor power of a graph whenever it is sharp for the original graph. In this paper, we introduce the related problem of upper-bounding independent sets in tensor powers of hypergraphs. We show that many of the prominent open problems in extremal combinatorics, such as the Tur\'an problem for (hyper-)graphs, can be encoded as special cases of this problem. We also give a new generalization of the Hoffman bound for hypergraphs which is sharp for the tensor power of a hypergraph whenever it is sharp for the original hypergraph. As an application of our Hoffman bound, we make progress on the problem of Frankl on families of sets without extended triangles from 1990. We show that if $\frac{1}{2}n\le2k\le\frac{2}{3}n,$ then the extremal family is the star, i.e. the family of all sets that contains a given element. This covers the entire range in which the star is extremal. As another application, we provide spectral proofs for Mantel's theorem on triangle-free graphs and for Frankl-Tokushige theorem on $k$-wise intersecting families