KEPEMILIKAN HAK ATAS TANAH YANG BERADA DI KAWASAN BUDI DAYA PERTANIAN SETELAH BERLAKUNYA PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA SEMARANG NOMOR 14 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG RENCANA TATA RUANG WILAYAH KOTA SEMARANG

Di kota Semarang sejak berlakunya Perda Nomor 14 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Semarang Tahun 2011-2031, beberapa pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian mengalami kerugian dikarenakan proses permohonannya yang berhubungan dengan perijinan ditolak oleh instansi yang berwenang. Sosialisasi yang kurang dari Pemerintah Kota Semarang menjadi faktor penyebab kekecewaan dari pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana dampak hukum Perda Nomor 14 Tahun 2011 terhadap pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian, dan bagaimana perlindungan hukum yang diberikan Pemerintah Kota Semarang terhadap pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis dampak hukum Perda Nomor 14 Tahun 2011 serta perlindungan hukum yang diberikan Pemerintah Kota Semarang terhadap pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian. Metode pendekatan yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah sosio legal dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer sebagai bahan utamanya yang diperoleh dengan wawancara langsung dengan pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian dan staf di kantor BAPPEDA Kota Semarang serta Dinas Tata Kota dan Perumahan Kota Semarang. Data sekunder diperoleh dari UU Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 serta buku-buku tentang hak atas tanah dan tata ruang. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kajian tentang dampak hukum Perda Kota Semarang Nomor 14 Tahun 2011 terhadap pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian antara lain proses permohonan IMB ditolak oleh Kantor BPPT, proses permohonan IPPT ditolak oleh Kantor Pertanahan, selanjutnya tanah dan bangunan yang dimilikinya tidak dapat dijadikan agunan ke lembaga perbankan. Hasil pembahasan dalam penelitianyaitu kajian hukum terhadap pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian dalam upayanya untuk mendapatkan perlindungan hukum yaitu dengan mengajukan keberatan ke BKPRD Kota Semarang. Hambatan yang dihadapi Pemerintah Kota Semarang dalam melaksanakan Perda Nomor 14 Tahun 2011 antara lain masyarakat Kota Semarang belum bisa membedakan makna tanah dalam fungsi kemanfaatan dan tanah dalam fungsi kepemilikan sehingga hal ini menjadi potensi untuk timbulnya konflik. Saran terhadap Pemerintah Kota Semarang dalam melaksanakan Perda Nomor 14 Tahun 2011, sebaiknya lebih konsekuen dengan Perda yang dibuatnya sendiri. Hal ini bertujuan agar hasil keputusan yang dikeluarkan BKPRD terhadap pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di kawasan budi daya pertanian yang mengajukan keberatan, bisa lebih mempunyai wibawa hukum di mata masyarakat dan mengandung nilai keadilan, kepastian dan kemanfaatan

Policy convergence, divergence and communities: The case of spatial planning in post-devolution Britain and Ireland

The implementation of devolution (1999) in the UK was assumed by to lead to fractured relationships with the national centre and a fragmented state as a consequence. However, discourse analysis and policy reviews in spatial planning demonstrate that policies and legislation implemented by central and devolved governments since devolution demonstrate marked similarities in intention and type (albeit with some differences in name and delivery route). Having demonstrated a lack of the expected policy divergence, we explore the role of two civil service forums, the British-Irish Council’s Spatial Planning workstream and the ‘Five Administrations’ meetings of Chief Planners as policy communities

Application and effects of the ESDP in Member States

Between 2004 and 2006 IRPUD participated in two projects of the European Spatial Planning Observation Network, in short ESPON. Both projects fall into the policy impact studies of ESPON, trying to understand and identify the various effects of territorial policies implemented by the EU and its various bodies. The ESPON project 2.3.1 ??Application and Effects of the ESDP in Member States?? focused on the European Spatial Development Perspective and tried to analyse, which effects this bottom-up policy document finally generated when looking towards the planning systems of member states (and beyond). The ESPON project 2.3.2 Governance of Territorial and Urban Policies from the EU to Local Level on the one hand can be understood as a follow up of the mid-90ies Compendium of EU Planning Systems. On other hand, the study clearly goes beyond the earlier compendium trying to establish a deeper understanding of urban and territorial policies in Europe, not least surveying 29 states. IRPUD contributed to both projects various elements but in particular quantitative approaches towards the analysis. What needs to be stressed here is, that the quantitative approach in both cases constitutes only a very first attempt. Both policy fields are very complex analytical entities which do not lend easily for a quantitative indicator based survey. The results rather have to be seen as preliminary, raising many more questions than providing ready made answers. The reports presented here are excerpts of the final reports produced for ESPON. The complete versions can be found at www.espon.eu . The team for both projects (with varying responsibilities) consisted of Prof. Dr. Peter Ache, Alexandra Hill, Michael Höweler, Christian Lindner and Stefan Peters

Educating planners in Europe: A review of 21st century study programmes

A  Education for urban, regional and spatial planning has become a regular subject throughout most European nations; this can be attributed in part to European policies promoting planning and spatially balanced development, but also to the recognition that planning can support sustainability. Nevertheless, there is lingering and justifiable concern about the status, profile and recognition of planning as a profession in its own right with the result that planning and planning education remain contested territories in academia. Conceptions of planning differ between countries and over time. The array of different planning cultures and associated educational models and pedagogies that traditionally have coexisted in Europe mean that education for planning can be either very visible or leading a shadow existence being embedded in programmes of other disciplines. While planning education provision customarily has been shaped by changes in planning practice paradigms and the profession, in 21st century Europe the provision is also influenced by European integration policies, the Bologna process and powerful transformations affecting the higher education sector writ large. This review seeks to advance our understanding of the complex dynamics at work, which to date have been only partially explored in the literature, by taking stock of the current state-of-play of planning education provision in Europe. Aside from examining the factors influencing planning education in Europe, an inventory of planning education programmes available throughout the member states of the Council of Europe was developed to quantify the provision as a critical first step. Figures indicate a substantial increase in the number of programmes when compared to limited historical data. Data also suggest an underdeveloped provision for education in planning in about ten per cent of European countries. Country case studies with historically differing planning cultures and education provision, i.e., Spain, Portugal, Finland, Poland, Slovakia, the United Kingdom and Switzerland are used to compare and explore trends and developments (e.g., in respect to programme structure, curriculum content and focus, professional conceptions, specialisms) in detail. Findings demonstrate, both, an enduring power of national preferences and traditions but also some emerging commonalities. Overall a picture of increasing pluralism and diversity of education models transpires in the aftermath of Bologna which may contravene efforts to establish cross-national professional recognition and standards. Education for planning seems to embrace trends to provide increasingly international learning experiences and degrees while the provision of flexible recognised (online) degree programmes remains sparse. Recommendations for future actions and strategies to further develop and strengthen the field which is at present complex and little coordinated conclude the contribution

Modeling nature-based and cultural recreation preferences in mediterranean regions as opportunities for smart tourism and diversification

The tourism and recreational o er of Mediterranean destinations involves, essentially, the promotion of mass tourism, based on the appeal of the sun and beach, and the quality of its coastal assets. Alongside the impacts of climate change, poor tourism diversification represents a threat to the resilience of the territory. Thus, heterogenization of noncoastal tourism products presents an opportunity to strengthen regional resilience to present and future challenges, hence the need to study, comparatively, the complementary preferences of tourists and residents of these regions in order to unveil their willingness to diversify their recreational experience, not only in coastal spaces, but also—and especially—in interior territories with low urban density. Consequently, this strategic option may represent a way of strengthening resilience and sustainability through diversification. In this context, a survey was conducted among 400 beach tourists and 400 residents of a case study—namely, three municipalities of the Algarve region in southern Portugal—in order to analyze their degree of preference for activities besides the sun and beach, such as nature-based and cultural tourism activities, and to probe the enhancement potential of each tourism and recreational activity through the various landscape units considered by experts, stakeholders, and tour operators. The respective degree of preference and enhancement potential were indexed to the area of each landscape unit. Subsequently, respecting the existing recreational structure and constraints, a suitability map for territory enhancement and the implementation of smart tourism practices for each tourism activity and landscape unit is presented. Results show a significant preference for noncoastal outdoor recreational activities.FCT- Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia: SFRH/BD/102328/2014; PTDC/GES-URB/31928/2017info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ESPON 2.3.2: GOVERNANCE OF TERRITORIAL AND URBAN POLICIES FROM EU TO LOCAL LEVEL (2004-2006): National Overview: France

Rapport d'étude fourni au pilote du projet (université de Valence, Espagne) dans le cadre du programme ESPONNational overview for France dealing with territorial and urban governance realised in the framework of the ESPON project 2.3.

Comparison of performance and fitness traits in German Angler, Swedish Red and Swedish Polled with Holstein dairy cattle breeds under organic production

Although the use of local breeds is recommended by organic regulations, breed comparisons performed under organic production conditions with similar production intensities are scarce. Therefore, we compared data of local and widely used Holstein dairy cattle breeds from 2011 to 2015 regarding production, fertility and health from German and Swedish organic farms with similar management intensities within country. In Germany, the energy-corrected total milk yield tended to be lower in the local breed Original Angler Cattle (AAZ, 5193 kg) compared to the modern German Holstein Friesian breed (HO, 5620 kg), but AAZ showed higher milk fat and protein contents (AAZ v. HO: 5.09% v. 4.18% and 3.61% v. 3.31%, respectively). In Sweden, the widely used modern Swedish Holstein (SH) breed had the highest milk yield (9209 kg, fat: 4.10%, protein: 3.31%), while the local Swedish Polled (SKB) showed highest milk yield, fat and protein contents (6169 kg, 4.47%, 3.50%, respectively), followed by the local breed Swedish Red (SRB, 8283 kg, 4.33%, 3.46%, respectively). With regard to fertility characteristics, the German breeds showed no differences, but AAZ tended to have less days open compared to HO (−17 days). In Sweden, breeds did not differ with regard to calving interval, but both local breeds showed a lower number of days open (−10.4 in SRB and −24.1 in SKB compared to SH), and SKB needed fewer inseminations until conception (−0.5 inseminations) compared to SH. Proportion of test day records with a somatic cell count content of ≥100 000 cells per ml milk did not reveal breed differences in any of the two countries. German breeds did not differ regarding the proportion of cows with veterinary treatments. In Sweden, SRB showed the lowest proportion of cows with general veterinary treatment as well as specific treatment due to udder problems (22.8 ± 6.42 and 8.05 ± 2.18, respectively), but the local breed SKB did not differ from SH in either of the two traits. In Sweden, we found no breed differences regarding veterinary treatments due to fertility problems or diagnosis of claw or leg problems during claw trimming. Our results indicate a stronger expression of the antagonism between production and functional traits with increasing production intensity. Future breed comparisons, therefore, need to consider different production intensities within organic farming in order to derive practical recommendations as to how to implement European organic regulations with regard to a suitable choice of breeds

Climate change adaptation, flood risks and policy coherence in integrated water resources management in England

Integrated water resources management (IWRM) assumes coherence between cognate aspects of water governance at the river basin scale, for example water quality, energy production and agriculture objectives. But critics argue that IWRM is often less ‘integrated’ in practice, raising concerns over inter-sectoral coherence between implementing institutions. One increasingly significant aspect of IWRM is adaptation to climate change-related risks, including threats from flooding, which are particularly salient in England. Although multiple institutional mechanisms exist for flood risk management (FRM), their coherence remains a critical question for national adaptation. This paper therefore (1) maps the multi-level institutional frameworks determining both IWRM and FRM in England; (2) examines their interaction via various inter-institutional coordinating mechanisms; and (3) assesses the degree of coherence. The analysis suggests that cognate EU strategic objectives for flood risk assessment demonstrate relatively high vertical and horizontal coherence with river basin planning. However, there is less coherence with flood risk requirements for land-use planning and national flood protection objectives. Overall, this complex governance arrangement actually demonstrates de-coherence over time due to ongoing institutional fragmentation. Recommendations for increasing IWRM coherence in England or re-coherence based on greater spatial planning and coordination of water-use and land-use strategies are proposed

Effective engagement of conservation scientists with decision-makers

This chapter offers advice on how the conservation science community can effectively engage with decision-makers. The rationales for why we, as scientists, need to do this have been widely discussed in the literature. Often, the reasons offered are normative, pragmatic, or instrumental (de Vente, 2016); in other words, there is a belief that engaging with decision-makers leads to better informed, more acceptable decisions. Indeed, better engagement may lead to the greater uptake of evidence for conservation decisions, something which some scholars argue is a priority for effective management (e.g. Gardner et al., 2018; Sutherland and Wordley, 2017)