WOTU LANGUAGE IN ENDANGERED PHASE: SOLUTION FOR REVITALIZING WOTU LANGUAGE

This paper explores the sociolinguistics practices of members of a minority language in East Luwu South Sulawesi, the Wotunese Community. The concern of this paper is to construct the way out of saving the Wotu language from the death language phenomenon. The data collected on the language use and the determinant factors are taken as basic idea in constructing the way out of saving the Wotu language from the death language phenomenon. The findings on language choice and language use show clear evidence of the endangerment of Wotu language. The Wotunese, mostly the young generation tend to use other languages than wotu language. This means that a real language shift is happening in Wotu district.. Then, there are some solution that the researcher suggests how to revitalize the Wotu language which is in endangered phase, those are : (1). The commitment of Wotu language speech community especially the Family domain. (2). Cultural activities should be supported. (3). The role Education Institution (4). Media (5). Local government Support (6). Positive Language attitude should be developed. Then the researcher also suggest some important things as follows: It is very important to do some real actions related to the efforts to revitalize the Wotu language.The stakeholders such as local government, public figure of Wotunese and also the linguist should have a good commitment to make the language planning of Wotu language successful

Yiddish

Weitere Informationen unter: http://www.dovidkatz.net/dovid/dovid_stylistics.htm This version of the entry for Yiddish contains a moderate number of revisions made too late for inclusion in the printed version, which appears in vol. 1, pp. 979-987 of the Yivo Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Some of these changes were made in response to helpful comments by Dr. Alexander Beider of Paris to a previous online version posted on the YIVO websit

Preservation of a Dying Culture: A Study of Sorbian/Wendish Poetry

This research outlines the history and culture of the Texas Wends.The Wends are a Slavic group that originated in East Germany andimmigrated to the United States in order to preserve heritage. Theyare bilingual, speaking both German and the Wendish language. Thehistory and culture of the Wendish people have rarely been studiedoutside of Germany, and only a small amount of their literature hasbeen translated into English. Due to the interaction with both Germanand American cultures, the Wendish language and culture have nearlydisappeared in Texas and Germany. One common way that Wendishculture has been expressed is poetry. This research outlines how Wendishpoems are sites where ideas important to the Wendish culture can beregistered. Primarily, I uncovered ideas relating to religious faith andculture, which are extensively discussed in Wendish poetry. Moreover,my work shows how translating these poems, makes Wendish poetryaccessible to English-speaking audiences, thereby, preserving Wendishculture for a new audience

A Different Look at Lenin's Legacy: Trust, Risk, Fairness and Cooperativeness in the Two Germanies

What are the long-term effects of Communism on economically relevant notions such as social trust? To answer this question, we use the reunification of Germany as a natural experiment and study the post-reunification trajectory of convergence with regard to individuals’ trust and risk, as well as perceived fairness and cooperativeness. Our hypotheses are derived from a model of German reunification that incorporates individual responses both to incentives and to values inherited from earlier generations as recently suggested in the literature. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find that despite twenty years of reunification East Germans are still characterized by a persistent level of social distrust. In comparison to West Germans, they are also less inclined to see others as fair or helpful. Implied trajectories can be interpreted as evidence for the passing of cultural traits across generations and for cooperation being sustained by values rather than by reputation. Moreover, East Germans are found to be more risk loving than West Germans. In contrast to trust and fairness, full convergence in risk attitude is reached in recent years.social trust, risk attitudes, political regimes, German reunification

The Texas German Dialect Archive: a multimedia resource for research, teaching, and outreach.

This paper describes the organization of the Texas German Dialect Project (TGDP), which aims to document and archive the remnants of Texas German. The mission of the TGDP is (a) to document Texas German as it reflects the rich cultural and linguistic traditions of its residents; (b) to gather basic research information about linguistic diversity; (c) to provide linguistic information for public and educational interests, and (d) to use the collected materials for the improvement of educational programs. The paper gives a brief histor-ical overview of the development of the Texas German community and then describes the workflow of the TGDP. We also discuss how the Texas German Dialect Archive (TGDA) is currently used for linguistic research on new dialect formation, language contact, and language death. Since the open-ended sociolinguistic interviews contain a wealth of information on the history and cultural practices of the Texas German community, the archive is also of interest to historians and anthropologists. Finally, we show how the archive has been used for community outreach programs throughout central Texas

A Different Look at Lenin's Legacy: Trust, Risk, Fairness and Cooperativeness in the Two Germanies

What are the long-term effects of Communism on economically relevant notions such as social trust? To answer this question, we use the reunification of Germany as a natural experiment and study the post-reunification trajectory of convergence with regard to individuals' trust and risk, as well as perceived fairness and cooperativeness. Our hypotheses are derived from a model of German reunification that incorporates individual responses both to incentives and to values inherited from earlier generations as recently suggested in the literature. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find that despite twenty years of reunification East Germans are still characterized by a persistent level of social distrust. In comparison to West Germans, they are also less inclined to see others as fair or helpful. Implied trajectories can be interpreted as evidence for the passing of cultural traits across generations and for cooperation being sustained by values rather than by reputation. Moreover, East Germans are found to be more risk loving than West Germans. In contrast to trust and fairness, full convergence in risk attitude is reached in recent years.Social trust, risk attitudes, political regimes, German reunification

A Different Look at Lenin's Legacy: Trust, Risk, Fairness and Cooperativeness in the two Germanies

What are the long-term effects of Communism on economically relevant notions such as social trust? To answer this question, we use the reunification of Germany as a natural experiment and study the post-reunification trajectory of convergence with regard to individuals’ trust and risk, as well as perceived fairness and cooperativeness. Our hypotheses are derived from a model of German reunification that incorporates individual responses both to incentives and to values inherited from earlier generations as recently suggested in the literature. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find that despite twenty years of reunification East Germans are still characterized by a persistent level of social distrust. In comparison to West Germans, they are also less inclined to see others as fair or helpful. Implied trajectories can be interpreted as evidence for the passing of cultural traits across generations and for cooperation being sustained by values rather than by reputation. Moreover, East Germans are found to be more risk loving than West Germans. In contrast to trust and fairness, full convergence in risk attitude is reached in recent years.social trust, risk attitudes, political regimes, German reunification

The Movement to Protect Local Values in Germany’s Lusatia Region

The article discusses the important aspects of the Sorbian minority’s existence in Lusatia, in two German eastern states (Saxony and Brandenburg), in the context of the risk for the population of the region stemming from the activities pertaining to brown coal mining, which entail the need for resettlement of the population and the subsequent liquidation of their villages. Regarding this background, the author presents the dilemmas of the inhabitants of the region, who are, on the one hand, filled with concern for the protection of natural environment and the desire to save the homeland from destruction, but, on the other hand, are aware of the need to invest in energy. The strong commitment to cultural continuity of the Sorbs goes hand in hand with developed plans for the creation of the modern conditions of life. The text refers to the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and the legal status of the Sorbs. It also includes analysis of the attitudes of residents threatened by the need of resettlement. This analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative research carried out by the author in 2010 in the village of Rohne. It identifies five types of different approaches, behind which the various motives are to be considered. Particularly noteworthy is the treatment of space (territory, home), the value of which cannot simply be moved to another location.The article discusses the important aspects of the Sorbian minority’s existence in Lusatia, in two German eastern states (Saxony and Brandenburg), in the context of the risk for the population of the region stemming from the activities pertaining to brown coal mining, which entail the need for resettlement of the population and the subsequent liquidation of their villages. Regarding this background, the author presents the dilemmas of the inhabitants of the region, who are, on the one hand, filled with concern for the protection of natural environment and the desire to save the homeland from destruction, but, on the other hand, are aware of the need to invest in energy. The strong commitment to cultural continuity of the Sorbs goes hand in hand with developed plans for the creation of the modern conditions of life. The text refers to the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and the legal status of the Sorbs. It also includes analysis of the attitudes of residents threatened by the need of resettlement. This analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative research carried out by the author in 2010 in the village of Rohne. It identifies five types of different approaches, behind which the various motives are to be considered. Particularly noteworthy is the treatment of space (territory, home), the value of which cannot simply be moved to another location

Jurij Brĕzan: Krabat oder die Verwandlung der Welt

Berlin: Verlag Neues Leben, 1976. 552 p. DM 11,80

Sorb self-stereotypes of the Sorb in Upper Sorbian proverbs

National stereotypes, as with any stereotype, are a simplified representation of the external world. These simplified images find their reflection and are preserved in the language, in words, metaphors, proverbs, and phraseology. In Upper Sorbian paremiology a self-stereotype of the Sorb is found, a man who primarily sees himself in a positive light, as good, honest, devoted and faithful. A "true" Sorb is also hospitable and pious. The most important component of the sense of identity is, however, the linguistic distinctiveness, which is stressed in the proverbs and expressions. The self-evaluation is formulated against a clear stereotype of the German, who is treated as a "foreigner", as well as a symbol of oppression. This stems from the common history and the co-existence of the two nations. However, the image of the German emerging from the Upper Sorbian proverbs is not exclusively negative. There is no ethnocentrism in the Sorbs’ self-stereotype as, despite stressing their own positive traits, they are objective and have a critical attitude towards their own vices. A clearly negative feature of the Sorbs, which appears regularly in the collected material, is the imitation of German customs. In order to describe such representatives of the Sorbian nation a pejorative ethnonym Němpula is used