Despacho económico de generación hidroeléctrica y termoeléctrica usando programación dinámica

La operación económica de sistemas eléctricos de potencia busca en términos generales, garantizar el suministro de energía eléctrica hacia los usuarios en tanto se implementan mecanismos a fin de minimizar los costos operativos del sistema eléctrico. Bajo este contexto, el despacho económico adquiere un rol fundamental, pues centra su búsqueda en estrategias de distribución óptima de aportes en el sistema de generación que permitan reducir significativamente los costos de producción. El presente documento aborda el uso del método de programación dinámica como estrategia de solución al problema de despacho económico de generación hidroeléctrica y termoeléctrica. Los algoritmos expresos en el documento son aplicados a dos sistemas eléctricos de potencia que combinan los tipos de generación antes mencionados. Uno de estos, incluye sistemas de generación hidroeléctrica de centrales con acople hidráulico; para cuyo caso, se emplean procesos iterativos para su solución. Los resultados encontrados aseguran una respuesta adecuada, en cuanto presentan valores acotados dentro de las restricciones técnicas y operativas especificadas. Por otra parte, el método de programación dinámica, por sus ventajas computacionales, ha permitido encontrar resultados delimitados de forma ágil.Economic operation of electrical power systems seeks in general terms, to ensure the supply of electricity to users while mechanisms are implemented in order to minimize the operating costs of the electrical system. Under this context, the economic dispatch takes on a fundamental role, focusing its search on strategies for optimal distribution of contributions in the generation system that will significantly reduce production costs. This document addresses the use of the dynamic programming method as a strategy to solve the problem of economic dispatch of hydroelectric and thermoelectric generation. The express algorithms in the document are applied to two electrical power systems that combine the types of generation mentioned above. One of these includes hydroelectric generation systems of hydroelectric power plants with hydraulic coupling; for which case, iterative processes are used for its solution. The results found ensure an adequate response, as they present limited values within the specified technical and operational constraints. On the other hand, the dynamic programming method, due to its computational advantages, has allowed to find delimited results in an agile way

Evaluation of the cost of producing wind‑generated electricity in Chad

This paper presents an economic analysis of the electricity produced by diferent types of wind turbines selected for Chad. Thus, the data considered for the analysis in this study are the average monthly wind speeds at selected locations, as well as the altitude value. Statistical analysis was performed using the Weibull distribution. The same energy factor allowed determining the Weibull parameters. The results obtained show that the average annual wind speed varies from 1 m/s in Am-Timan to 4.2 m/s in N’Djamena, at a height of 10 m from the ground. Weibull statistical parameters (k and c) were determined at 10, 30, 50, and 70 m. These were obtained by extrapolation using a power law based on Weibull parameters.Three models of wind turbines available on the market were used in this study: Bonus 300 kW/33, Bonus 1 MW/54, and Vestas 2 MW/V80. The performance of these wind turbines was evaluated using the calculation of the capacity factor and the annual energy produced by each type of wind turbine at 12 sites. The PVC (present value) method was used to perform an economic analysis. The lowest cost of wind power generation was obtained with the Vestas 2 MW/V80 model, with a cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of approximately $143.08/kWh/year in Moundou and 132343$89/kWh/year in Am-Timan. Therefore, it is recommended the use of a Vestas 2 MW/80 wind turbine in Chad