Exploring the resource recovery potentials of municipal solid waste: a review of solid wastes composting in developing countries

Population explosion, high urbanization and improved living standards have induced rapid changes in quantities and materiacompositions of solid waste generation globally. Until recently solid waste disposal in landfills and open dump sites waconsidered more economical and it is the most widely used methods in developing countries. Hence the potentials in the othealternative methods such as the resource recovery and recycling and their integration into waste management have been scarcelassessed. However, the ever growing challenges posed by the rapidly increasing quantities and compositions of solid wastes ideveloping countries led to the searching for alternative waste disposal methods. In this regard the paper presented an assessmenof the resource potentials of municipal solid waste materials arising from cities in developing countries as a strategy fosustainable solid waste management. Using published data on solid waste composition the paper has identified that there is higpotentials of composting in the solid waste stream from cities in developing countries. In conclusion, it recommended the recoverof organic waste material and papers for composting and the recycling of plastic, metals, textiles and others to explore their resource recovery potentials. This will largely reduce the ultimate quantities of solid waste for disposal and lower the operatincosts. This strategy will achieve sustainable waste management in developing countries. It is hoped that the paper has provided useful guide for wastes management policy decisions in developing countries

Environment, Health and Wealth: Towards an Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

The management of municipal solid waste is one of the challenges facing the developing countries because governments, institutions, and private sectors have given solid waste management low priority and ignoring the implication it has on the general public. This is characterized by inefficient collection methods, insufficient coverage of the collection system and improper disposal. This paper presents the current solid waste management method adopted in Ado-Odo Ota local government and its associated challenges. Four locations (Iganmode area, Joju area, Ota market and toll gate area) were selected. These sites are points where the waste bins are located. A field work that involves the characterization and types of the waste generated, and frequency of collection from each site was carried out. A representative sample of 280 kg was used for the waste characterization and the result shows that about 64% of the wastes are recyclable with lots of organic waste that comprises of food and agricultural waste which can be used as compost. The only dump site in Ota was visited in order to obtain useful information concerning the present state of solid waste management. The study revealed that there is presently no investment made to the existing development plan to introduce a modern waste management system. The study suggests new approach that could be used by institutions and government agencies for municipal solid waste management to achieve sustainable and effective sanitation

A comparative assessment of the municipal solid waste management services

Mankind naturally depends on the environment to sustain their lives but solid waste is one of the three major environmental problems in Nigeria, Malaysia and many other developing and even the developed countries are threatened by this. Waste management generally plays a significant role in the ability of nature to sustain life within its capacity and therefore an integral part of urban and environmental management in every city. Currently municipal solid waste management is a globally challenging issue especially in developing countries, due to its adverse environmental effects. This research is a comparative study aimed at rating municipal solid waste management services in FCT Abuja and Putrajaya towards identifying deficient areas requiring improvements. Residential questionnaire were used for the assessment. The data obtained was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods; specifically descriptive, parametric and nonparametric statistics

Investments in solid waste management : opportunities for environmental improvement

This paper presents the findings of a brief evaluation of World Bank experience in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) and recommends approaches to improving future Bank performance in this subsector. The paper is presented in four chapters. Chapter I describes the methodology by which the MSWM investments were reviewed and presents definitions and discussion of the benefits of MSWM to the environment and urban productivity in developing countries. Chapter II presents the overall results relating to to the Bank's total lending for solid waste management, including the findings of the Regional evaluation of MSWM lending. Chapter III examines the findings related to the design and implementation of the Bank's MSWM components and discusses such issues as the size and scope of investments, borrowing levels, cost recovery, and private sector participation. Finally, chapter IV presents recommendations for improving the design and execution of future MSWM projects or components. Annexes to the paper include a series of tables containg summary data on MSWM components in Bank projects and eight individual case studies highlighting specific MSWM projects or components in selected countries.Urban Solid Waste Management,Sanitation and Sewerage,TF030632-DANISH CTF - FY05 (DAC PART COUNTRIES GNP PER CAPITA BELOW USD 2,500/AL,Waste Disposal&Utilization,Energy and Environment

Importance of Municipal Solid Waste Management

Solid waste management is one among the fundamental and essential services provided by municipal authorities in the developed as well as developing countries to keep urban areas clean. In certain regions of our country, the free disposal facilities have reached their own capacity and even local governments are confronted with difficult decisions. Solid waste management is an integral element of modern society. There are many ways in which solid waste can be treated, and thanks to modernized practices and technological advancement, these methods are very safe and practical

Evaluasi Pengembangan Perencanaan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Di Kecamatan Ngaliyan Kota Semarang

Solid waste management has become one of the major problems in developing countries, so that an integrated of solid waste management in terms technical and non technical. Technically solid waste management are include the waste reduction and waste handling. While in terms of the non-technical are include institutional, sub system institutional, regulatory/legal, finance, and public participation. Design of waste management stage starts from preparation, then calculate the number of equipment and cost to manage solid waste with SNI 19-2454-2002 and SNI 3242-2008. Ngaliyan District is one of the districts Semarang City. The condition of waste management in the Ngaliyan District of Semarang have not worked well based on it even take be evaluated by the condition of the existing service rate waste management is only 19% with garbage area service reaches 60%. From the analysis waste generation in volume in Ngaliyan is 2,87 l/person/day and the composition solid waste based from waste volume are 29,19 % organic and 70,81% an-organic . The result of the planning is increase the number of service rate to 45%. Management planning of solid waste in Ngaliyan consist of regulations sub system is enforcement of municipal solid waste regulations, institutional sub system is optimize a function of UPTD as solid waste operator service, operational sub system increase of solid waste utilization activity with 3R and composting. Financing sub system is source of municipal solid waste financing from APBD and retribution. Public participation sub system is public empowerment in solid waste utilization activity and keeps the regulations about solid waste management. With applying 3R and composting expected can increase public participation with solid waste utilization activity and landfill lifetime

Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Kecamatan Semarang Tengah, Kota Semarang

Solid waste management has become one of the major problems in developing countries followed by high population and economic growth, so that an integrated of solid waste management in terms technical and non-technical. Technically solid waste management are include the waste reduction and waste handling, is required like storage and separation, collection, transfer, and transport. While in terms of the non-technical are include institutional, sub system regulatory / legal, finance, and community participation.Central Semarang District is one of the districts Semarang City where the local waste management service has reached 100%, and service level reaches 82%. With a population density up to 11894org / km2, shows the density of population in the Central District of Semarang is too big. It is necessary for optimizing the level of solid waste management services with reduction and separation in the source to avoid the accumulation of garbage at the source or at the transfer site

INTEGRATED COST EVALUATION METHOD FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a necessary part of life, and effective management of this has been identified as \ud essential for sustainable development. Effective SWM is of concern to developed countries and also developing \ud countries, although the former has a longer history of concern with adverse effects of SWM upon social and \ud environmental factors. It has been argued that such adverse effects can be reduced by assigning them a monetary value \ud and that the identification and measurement of these effects assists in controlling the social and environmental costs of \ud SWM facilitating movement toward sustainable development. Therefore, the need to integrate social and environmental \ud costs in the accounting management system is widely recognised in SWM, and integrated cost accounting is a well \ud accepted approach for achieving this objective. \ud Although there is urgent need for integration of waste management into strategies for sustainable development, the \ud degree of success with which both developed and developing countries cope with the problem differs. Most developing \ud countries are still in the early process of the concept of sustainable development. Therefore, practices have been slow \ud even though there appears to be initiative within the SWM activity to implement such a concept. \ud In order to solve the problem, this study attempted to develop an integrated cost accounting system for improvement of \ud Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) system in developing countries, is a systematic approach based on \ud accounting principles to calculate the positive and negative impact of a SWM activity, its not only for identifying, \ud summing, and reporting the actual costs of solid waste management, but also combined with environmental costs (often \ud are termed ???externalities??? by economists) are the costs of environmental degradation caused by SWM activity were \ud previously difficult to be analyzed, so it can be used as a tool to assess and determine the strategy improvement of \ud MSWM in developing countries with all their limitations. \ud This integrated cost accounting system for MSWM would support: informational goals by determining and reporting \ud how much MSW management and environmental costs, management goals by identifying potential cost savings and \ud providing a sound basis for municipality decisions such as enhancing of the public and private sector involvement in \ud waste sector, and planning goals by documenting current benchmarks and further assessment that can be used when \ud making or evaluating projections. \ud In Chapter 1, the background of integrated cost accounting system for improvement of municipal solid waste \ud management in developing countries were addressed. Then the literature review, objectives, scopes, and analytical \ud framework of the study were presented. \ud In Chapter 2, Study result were assessed the SWM service cost estimate system and develop as standards for SWM \ud service costs in developing countries, which consist of: collection, transfer and treatment, transportation, landfill \ud management costs analysis using cost breakdown analysis (CBA) of the questioner and SWM stakeholder interviews \ud results in several major Indonesia cities as a developing countries sample

Comparative study of municipal solid waste generation and composition in Shiraz city (2014)

Background: Exponential growths of population and urbanization, and the development of social economy have resulted in an increase in the amount of MSW generation throughout the world. Objective: The present study aimed to survey qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid waste in Shiraz city and comparative these results with the world scenario of solid wastes generation for improving the sustainable management of solid waste. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in nine municipality regions Shiraz with a total population of approximately 1,549,354 people. Basic data was gathered through Shiraz waste management organization. Then generation (per capita) and constituent percent of the solid waste were evaluated based on the sampling and field analyzing from reliable guidelines. Data were analyzed with Stata-13 and Excel statistical software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test used for the normality of variables. Means were compared by Student T test and Mann-Whitney test. Findings: The rate of solid waste generated in the Shiraz city was 222.65 kg per person per year in 2014. Statistical analysis showed that the variables of organic materials, paper and cardboard, glass and metal between developed and developing countries were a significant difference (P<0.05) while plastics and textiles and were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusion: Solid waste per capita in Shiraz city (about 600g/day) was near to the average amount of solid waste generation in Iran and other developing countries. Due to the high content of organic material in municipal solid waste of Shiraz, minimization of these material and separation of dry and wet solid wastes must be noted from the people and municipalities

Capacity Gaps in Post Disaster Waste Management: Case Study in Sri Lanka

Disaster waste is one of the major consequences aftermath of any disaster, impacts on public and environment, rescue and emergency services, provision of lifeline support and socio-economic recovery of affected areas. Thus, management of wastes created by disasters has become an increasingly important issue to be addressed in responding to a disaster. This chapter intends to present the prevailing gaps in disaster waste management and approaches to minimize the impacts on disaster management at developing countries with special emphasis to Sri Lankan context. Findings revealed that, unavailability of single point responsibility and provisions for disaster waste in existing policies and capacity constraints of the prevailing peace time solid waste management practices as major capacity gaps. Establishment of a regulatory body and enforceable rules and regulations with necessary levels of capacities were identified with seven areas for capacity building for post disaster waste management. The research enabled to attain sustainable post disaster waste management for future resilience