Optional Soil Moisture Sensor Protocol

The purpose of this resource is to measure the water content of soil based on the electrical resistance of soil moisture sensors. Students install soil moisture sensors in holes that are 10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm deep. They take daily readings of soil moisture data by connecting a meter to the sensors and using a calibration curve to determine the soil water content at each depth. Educational levels: Middle school, High school

Fusion of hyperspectral and ground penetrating radar to estimate soil moisture

In this contribution, we investigate the potential of hyperspectral data combined with either simulated ground penetrating radar (GPR) or simulated (sensor-like) soil-moisture data to estimate soil moisture. We propose two simulation approaches to extend a given multi-sensor dataset which contains sparse GPR data. In the first approach, simulated GPR data is generated either by an interpolation along the time axis or by a machine learning model. The second approach includes the simulation of soil-moisture along the GPR profile. The soil-moisture estimation is improved significantly by the fusion of hyperspectral and GPR data. In contrast, the combination of simulated, sensor-like soil-moisture values and hyperspectral data achieves the worst regression performance. In conclusion, the estimation of soil moisture with hyperspectral and GPR data engages further investigations.Comment: This work has been accepted to the IEEE WHISPERS 2018 conference. (C) 2018 IEE

Multifrequency remote sensing of soil moisture

Multifrequency sensor data collected at Guymon, Oklahoma and Dalhart, Texas using NASA's C-130 aircraft were used to determine which of the all-weather microwave sensors demonstrated the highest correlation to surface soil moisture over optimal bare soil conditions, and to develop and test techniques which use visible/infrared sensors to compensate for the vegetation effect in this sensor's response to soil moisture. The L-band passive microwave radiometer was found to be the most suitable single sensor system to estimate soil moisture over bare fields. In comparison to other active and passive microwave sensors the L-band radiometer (1) was influenced least by ranges in surface roughness; (2) demonstrated the most sensitivity to soil moisture differences in terms of the range of return from the full range of soil moisture; and (3) was less sensitive to errors in measurement in relation to the range of sensor response. L-band emissivity related more strongly to soil moisture when moisture was expressed as percent of field capacity. The perpendicular vegetation index as determined from the visible/infrared sensors was useful as a measure of the vegetation effect on the L-band radiometer response to soil moisture

Rancang Bangun Alat Penyiram Tanaman Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Nano

Design an automatic plant watering device that uses the Arduino Nano platform as its base. The aim of this research is to develop an efficient and water- saving plant watering automation system. This tool is designed to monitor soil moisture and automatically water plants when soil moisture drops below a specified limit. This tool development method involves designing both hardware and software. On the hardware side, the soil moisture sensor and water pump are controlled by Arduino Nano, while on the software side, an Arduino program was developed to set the watering algorithm based on soil moisture data. Test results show that this tool can work well in maintaining the desired soil moisture level and reducing water waste. In the context of modern agriculture which increasingly demands resource efficiency, this automatic plant watering device can be a valuable solution for farmers and plant lovers. Additionally, integration with remote control via smartphone app provides ease of use and better monitoring. This research makes a positive contribution in developing agricultural automation technology that is environmentally friendly and sustainable

Microwave remote sensing of soil moisture, volume 1

Multifrequency sensor data from NASA's C-130 aircraft were used to determine which of the all weather microwave sensors demonstrated the highest correlation to surface soil moisture over optimal bare soil conditions, and to develop and test techniques which use visible/infrared sensors to compensate for the vegetation effect in this sensor's response to soil moisture. The L-band passive microwave radiometer was found to be the most suitable single sensor system to estimate soil moisture over bare fields. The perpendicular vegetation index (PVI) as determined from the visible/infrared sensors was useful as a measure of the vegetation effect on the L-band radiometer response to soil moisture. A linear equation was developed to estimate percent field capacity as a function of L-band emissivity and the vegetation index. The prediction algorithm improves the estimation of moisture significantly over predictions from L-band emissivity alone

A simulation study of scene confusion factors in sensing soil moisture from orbital radar

Simulated C-band radar imagery for a 124-km by 108-km test site in eastern Kansas is used to classify soil moisture. Simulated radar resolutions are 100 m by 100 m, 1 km by 1km, and 3 km by 3 km. Distributions of actual near-surface soil moisture are established daily for a 23-day accounting period using a water budget model. Within the 23-day period, three orbital radar overpasses are simulated roughly corresponding to generally moist, wet, and dry soil moisture conditions. The radar simulations are performed by a target/sensor interaction model dependent upon a terrain model, land-use classification, and near-surface soil moisture distribution. The accuracy of soil-moisture classification is evaluated for each single-date radar observation and also for multi-date detection of relative soil moisture change. In general, the results for single-date moisture detection show that 70% to 90% of cropland can be correctly classified to within +/- 20% of the true percent of field capacity. For a given radar resolution, the expected classification accuracy is shown to be dependent upon both the general soil moisture condition and also the geographical distribution of land-use and topographic relief. An analysis of cropland, urban, pasture/rangeland, and woodland subregions within the test site indicates that multi-temporal detection of relative soil moisture change is least sensitive to classification error resulting from scene complexity and topographic effects

Monitoring Kelembaban Tanah Pertanian Menggunakan Soil Moisture Sensor Fc-28 dan Arduino Uno

Land as the main factor in agriculture must be considered as well as possible in order to provide the expected results. One of them is by using computer and internet technology to monitor soil moisture. Soil moisture is one of the environmental factors that affect plant growth. One of the innovations in information and communication technology in agriculture is the use of the Internet of Things. By using the Internet of Things, it can be done to monitor soil moisture that is used as a planting medium for horticultural crops. knowing the value of soil moisture will be very useful to be able to determine the steps or handling of the soil. The test results show that the measurement of soil moisture using a soil moisture sensor can work well and display information on the value of soil moisture. Based on the results and analysis, it can be concluded that the results of monitoring the soil moisture monitoring system can already be used to monitor agricultural land. So that the results of this study are expected to help farmers in making decisions based on information about the value of soil moisture that has been obtained. The final result obtained from the reading of the sensor value is wet, moist and dry according to the set value of the Analog Data. That is wet condition when getting output with lower limit range of 150 and upper limit of 339, humid condition when getting output with lower limit range 340 upper limit of 475, dry condition when getting sensor value with lower limit range is 476 and upper limit is 1023

Alat Pengukur Kelembaban Tanah Berbasis Mikrokontroler PIC 16F84

This paper presents the design and realization of a PIC microcontroller based instrument for measuring soil moisture. Two metal bars which are made from stainless steel are used for soil moisture sensor. This soil moisture sensor is connected to signal generator. When the soil moisture changes, then the impedance of sensor will change. Thus the frequency of output signal generator changes according to the soil moisture. This frequency change is then detected and used for knowing the soil moisture level. The result of experiment shows that the instrument can operate with average difference of 1.042% to the American Standard Method. The instrument is also equipped with an on-off control signal that can be used for controlling the soil moisture level. Keywords: soil moisture, microcontroller, frequency change Dalam makalah ini disajikan perancangan dan realisasi alat pengukur kelembaban tanah berbasis mikrokontroler PIC. Sensor kelembaban tanah berupa dua buah batang logam yang dibuat dari bahan stainless steel. Sensor kelembaban ini dihubungkan pada generator sinyal. Bila kelembaban tanah berubah, maka impedansi sensor akan berubah, sehingga frekuensi sinyal keluaran generator berubah sesuai dengan kelembaban tanah. Perubahan frekuensi ini yang kemudian dideteksi dan digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kelembaban tanah. Dari hasil ujicoba diperoleh bahwa alat yang dibuat dapat beroperasi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, dengan rata–rata perbedaan sebesar 1,042 % terhadap American Standard Method. Alat yang dibuat juga dilengkapi sinyal kendali on-off, sehingga alat yang dibuat dapat digunakan untuk pengendalian kelembaban tanah. Kata kunci: kelembaban tanah, mikrokontroler, perubahan frekuens