Occupant Privacy Perception, Awareness, and Preferences in Smart Office Environments

Building management systems tout numerous benefits, such as energy efficiency and occupant comfort but rely on vast amounts of data from various sensors. Advancements in machine learning algorithms make it possible to extract personal information about occupants and their activities beyond the intended design of a non-intrusive sensor. However, occupants are not informed of data collection and possess different privacy preferences and thresholds for privacy loss. While privacy perceptions and preferences are most understood in smart homes, limited studies have evaluated these factors in smart office buildings, where there are more users and different privacy risks. To better understand occupants' perceptions and privacy preferences, we conducted twenty-four semi-structured interviews between April 2022 and May 2022 on occupants of a smart office building. We found that data modality features and personal features contribute to people's privacy preferences. The features of the collected modality define data modality features -- spatial, security, and temporal context. In contrast, personal features consist of one's awareness of data modality features and data inferences, definitions of privacy and security, and the available rewards and utility. Our proposed model of people's privacy preferences in smart office buildings helps design more effective measures to improve people's privacy

Predictive analytics in facilities management: A pilot study for exploring environmental comfort using wireless sensors

Purpose: Advancements in wireless sensor technology and building modelling techniques have enabled facilities managers to understand the environmental performance of the workplace in more depth than ever before. However, it is unclear to what extent this data can be used to predict subjective environmental comfort. Thus, the aim of this study was to pilot test a methodological framework for integrating real-time environmental data with subjective ratings of environmental comfort. Design/Methodology/Approach: An open-plan office was fitted with environmental sensors to measure key indoor environmental quality parameters (carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity, illumination, and sound pressure level). Additionally, building modelling techniques were used to calculate two spatial metrics (‘workspace integration’ and workspace density) for each workspace within the study area. 15 employees were repeatedly sampled across an 11-day study period, providing 78 momentary assessments of environmental comfort. Multilevel models were used to explore the extent to which the objective environmental data predicted subjective environmental comfort. Findings: Higher carbon dioxide levels were associated with more negative ratings of air quality, higher ‘workspace integration’ was associated with higher levels of distractions, and higher workspace density was associated with lower levels of social interactions. Originality/Value: To our knowledge, this is the first field study to directly explore the relationship between physical environment data collected using wireless sensors and subjective ratings of environmental comfort. The study provides proof-of-concept for a methodological framework for the integration of building analytics and human analytics

Design and Implementation of Image Capture for Cluster Housing Security System Based on IoT

The performance of IoT platforms to security systems has been implemented by some researchers in various scopes such as door, garage, and house gates. Implementing an IoT platform to the gate residential cluster is performed for entering and exiting the gate. Having an interactive system, sending an image of the visitor to the resident, and operating an automatic gate are three main features developed in this work. Using Arduino board to MATLAB and Arduino to Blynk interconnections is implemented to perform those three features. This work describes the entire process of its creation from hardware requirements, through the system's design, up to the simulation test from the running process. From the simulation test, the device can interact with the incoming visitor within 1.33 seconds on average, with the accuracy of the played voice being 100% correct, and the image sent to the 100% proper corresponding resident is done within the time taken to respond to permission granted is 1.56 seconds, while the permission denied takes 1.39 seconds.  

Ambient Intelligence for Next-Generation AR

Next-generation augmented reality (AR) promises a high degree of context-awareness - a detailed knowledge of the environmental, user, social and system conditions in which an AR experience takes place. This will facilitate both the closer integration of the real and virtual worlds, and the provision of context-specific content or adaptations. However, environmental awareness in particular is challenging to achieve using AR devices alone; not only are these mobile devices' view of an environment spatially and temporally limited, but the data obtained by onboard sensors is frequently inaccurate and incomplete. This, combined with the fact that many aspects of core AR functionality and user experiences are impacted by properties of the real environment, motivates the use of ambient IoT devices, wireless sensors and actuators placed in the surrounding environment, for the measurement and optimization of environment properties. In this book chapter we categorize and examine the wide variety of ways in which these IoT sensors and actuators can support or enhance AR experiences, including quantitative insights and proof-of-concept systems that will inform the development of future solutions. We outline the challenges and opportunities associated with several important research directions which must be addressed to realize the full potential of next-generation AR.Comment: This is a preprint of a book chapter which will appear in the Springer Handbook of the Metavers

Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Interacting with Smart Objects 2015

These are the Proceedings of the 4th IUI Workshop on Interacting with Smart Objects. Objects that we use in our everyday life are expanding their restricted interaction capabilities and provide functionalities that go far beyond their original functionality. They feature computing capabilities and are thus able to capture information, process and store it and interact with their environments, turning them into smart objects

Principles for Designing Context-Aware Applications for Physical Activity Promotion

Mobile devices with embedded sensors have become commonplace, carried by billions of people worldwide. Their potential to influence positive health behaviors such as physical activity in people is just starting to be realized. Two critical ingredients, an accurate understanding of human behavior and use of that knowledge for building computational models, underpin all emerging behavior change applications. Early research prototypes suggest that such applications would facilitate people to make difficult decisions to manage their complex behaviors. However, the progress towards building real-world systems that support behavior change has been much slower than expected. The extreme diversity in real-world contextual conditions and user characteristics has prevented the conception of systems that scale and support end-users’ goals. We believe that solutions to the many challenges of designing context-aware systems for behavior change exist in three areas: building behavior models amenable to computational reasoning, designing better tools to improve our understanding of human behavior, and developing new applications that scale existing ways of achieving behavior change. With physical activity as its focus, this thesis addresses some crucial challenges that can move the field forward. Specifically, this thesis provides the notion of sweet spots, a phenomenological account of how people make and execute their physical activity plans. The key contribution of this concept is in its potential to improve the predictability of computational models supporting physical activity planning. To further improve our understanding of the dynamic nature of human behavior, we designed and built Heed, a low-cost, distributed and situated self-reporting device. Heed’s single-purpose and situated nature proved its use as the preferred device for self-reporting in many contexts. We finally present a crowdsourcing system that leverages expert knowledge to write personalized behavior change messages for large-scale context-aware applications.PHDInformationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144089/1/gparuthi_1.pd

The computerized remote control system for a programmable thermostat

Бакалаврська робота складається з чотирьох розділів. Перший розділ описує Аналіз Wi-Fi термостата, його підключення за допомогою BLYNK. У другому розділі описано процес проектування Wi-Fi термостата та обґрунтування апаратного та програмного забезпечення. У третьому розділі виконується впровадження програмного забезпечення та тестування Wi-Fi термостата У четвертому розділі викладено питання безпеки життєдіяльності та основи охорони праці.The bachelor's thesis consists of four sections. The first section describes the Analysis of the Wi-Fi thermostat, it connection using BLYNK. The second section describes the process of designing Wifi thermostat and the justification of the hardware and software. The third section performs software implementation and testing of a Wifi thermostat The fourth section describes the issues of life safety and the basics of labor protection.INTRODUCTION 8 CHAPTER 1 ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL TASK 9 1.1 Analysis of the Wi-Fi Thermostat 9 1.2 Analysis of the common WiFi thermostat 10 1.3 Overview of the connection via BLYNK, as the main way of communication between the user and the system 12 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT PART 14 2.1 Development of the generalized structure of the computer system 14 2.2 Description of electrical schematic 16 2.3 Description of connection schematic 19 2.4 Justification of the choice of hardware of the Wi-Fi thermostat 21 2.4.1 Wi-Fi board NodeMCU CP2102 ESP8266 21 2.4.2 DHT22 temperature/humidity sensor 23 2.4.3 MH-Z19 CO2 sensor 24 2.4.4 DS3231 real-time clock 26 2.4.5 Blue graphic display 0.96" I2C OLED LCD 28 2.4.6 Transmitter 433MHz 30 2.4.7 Arduino Pro Mini 5V 31 2.4.8 Receiver 433MHz 33 2.4.9 2-channel relay 35 2.4.10 HLK-PM01 adaptor 36 2.5 Justification of the choice of software of the WIFI thermostat 37 2.6 Flowchart for WIFI thermostat 38 CHAPTER 3 PRACTICAL PART 42 3.1 Problems with modern thermostat 42 3.2Powering of the Wi-Fi Thermostat 43 3.3 Placement of DHT22 45 3.4 Alternate for DHT22 46 3.5 Power Supply for Analyser 47 3.6 Power Supply to Contactor Device 48 3.7 Code for contractor 50 3.8 Wi-Fi connection 51 3.9 System testing 54 3.10 Future Improvement 55 CHAPTER 4 SAFETY OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES, BASIS OF LABOR PROTECTION 59 4.1 Safe Methods using the device 59 4.2 Basic of labor Protection 61 CONCLUSIONS 65 REFERENCES 67 APPENDIX A Program code 6

Iluminação para espaços de trabalho sem janelas

Currently, a human spends about 90% of their time indoors, therefore, increasingly spaces are designed to promote comfort and natural light. The lack of a quality indoor space can be the cause of several health problems, such as the inhibition of hormones that affect heart rate, mood and performance. Thus, experts consider the human being a biophilic species, since it is dependent on nature. Besides, the proximity to large windows, natural materials and plants promote your health and well-being. In this sense, this project seeks to answer this problem by developing lighting for a windowless space. The project was conceived for a workspace, taking into account that it is where an ordinary citizen spends most of their day, as well as, where comfort and productivity are essential. In an initial approach to the theme, the search for projects with the same problematic demonstrated that there are already several proposals in this area, indicated for domestic environments, thereby showing the opportunity of the workspace. However, this is a medium with special needs and requirements, and it cannot jeopardize the eye health of its users due to an emotional luminaire. The projected peak in the proposal of a lighting system composed of two types of lighting that balance the needs of the workspace. To this end, an analysis of the workspace and its needs was made, culminating in the design in a versatile and pragmatic way. The system consists of a support structure and two luminaires, designed to be efficient and innovative, balancing the emotional and visual aspect of the user. One of the lamps mimics the sun and the other maintains the balance of the luminance levels of the space. This draft comes after a market analysis of solar mimic lighting fixtures and, its shape and purpose were outlined by the analysis of the selected target audience and space, the office. After the ideal functioning of the product was idealized, we sought to know the shape and elements that can materialize it, from the design of the shape to the design of its electrical system. Throughout the project, the disciplines of design and engineering were addressed in the methodology and procedures used to carry out this project conceptually.Atualmente, o ser humano passa cerca de 90% do seu tempo em espaços interiores e, por isso, cada vez mais os espaços são projetados por forma a promover conforto e luz natural. A falta de um espaço interior de qualidade pode estar na origem de vários problemas de saúde, tais como a inibição de hormonas que afetam o ritmo cardíaco, humor e produtividade. Deste modo, os especialistas consideram o ser humano uma espécie biofólica, uma vez que é dependente da natureza. Ademais, a proximidade a grandes janelas, materiais naturais e plantas promovem a sua saúde e bem-estar. Neste sentido, este projeto procura dar resposta a esta problemática ao desenvolver iluminação para um espaço sem janelas. O projeto foi concebido para um espaço de trabalho, tendo em conta que é onde um cidadão comum passa a maior parte do seu dia, assim como, onde o conforto e a produtividade são essenciais. Numa abordem inicial ao tema, a pesquisa por projetos de problemática idêntica demonstrou que existem já diversas propostas neste âmbito, indicadas para ambientes domésticos, evidenciando, assim, a oportunidade do espaço de trabalho. No entanto, este é um meio com necessidades e requisitos especiais, não podendo colocar em causa a saúde ocular dos seus utilizadores em função de uma luminária emocional. O projeto culmina na proposta de um sistema de iluminação composto por dois tipos de iluminação que equilibram as necessidades do espaço de trabalho. Para tal, foi feita uma análise do espaço de trabalho e das suas necessidades, culminando no desenho de uma forma versátil e pragmática. O sistema é composto por uma estrutura de apoio e duas luminárias, concebidas para serem eficientes e inovadoras, equilibrando a vertente emocional e visual do utilizador. Uma das luminárias mimetiza o sol e a outra mantem o equilíbrio dos níveis de luminância do espaço. Esta proposta surge depois de uma análise de mercado de luminárias de mimetização solar e a sua forma e propósito foram delineadas pela análise do publico e espaço alvo selecionado, o escritório. Após idealizado o funcionamento ideal do produto, procurou-se conhecer a forma e elementos que o podem materializar, desde a o desenho da forma á conceção do seu sistema elétrico. Ao longo do projeto abordaram-se as disciplinas do design e da engenharia na metodologia e procedimentos usados por via a realizar conceptualmente este projeto.Mestrado em Engenharia e Design de Produt

Exploring Computing Continuum in IoT Systems: Sensing, Communicating and Processing at the Network Edge

As Internet of Things (IoT), originally comprising of only a few simple sensing devices, reaches 34 billion units by the end of 2020, they cannot be defined as merely monitoring sensors anymore. IoT capabilities have been improved in recent years as relatively large internal computation and storage capacity are becoming a commodity. In the early days of IoT, processing and storage were typically performed in cloud. New IoT architectures are able to perform complex tasks directly on-device, thus enabling the concept of an extended computational continuum. Real-time critical scenarios e.g. autonomous vehicles sensing, area surveying or disaster rescue and recovery require all the actors involved to be coordinated and collaborate without human interaction to a common goal, sharing data and resources, even in intermittent networks covered areas. This poses new problems in distributed systems, resource management, device orchestration,as well as data processing. This work proposes a new orchestration and communication framework, namely CContinuum, designed to manage resources in heterogeneous IoT architectures across multiple application scenarios. This work focuses on two key sustainability macroscenarios: (a) environmental sensing and awareness, and (b) electric mobility support. In the first case a mechanism to measure air quality over a long period of time for different applications at global scale (3 continents 4 countries) is introduced. The system has been developed in-house from the sensor design to the mist-computing operations performed by the nodes. In the second scenario, a technique to transmit large amounts of fine-time granularity battery data from a moving vehicle to a control center is proposed jointly with the ability of allocating tasks on demand within the computing continuum