Differential Effects of Psychological and Physical Stress on the Sleep Pattern in Rats

In the present study, we investigated the acute effects of 2 different kinds of stress, namely physical stress (foot shock) and psychological stress (non-foot shock) induced by the communication box method, on the sleep patterns of rats. The sleep patterns were recorded for 6 h immediately after 1 h of stress. Physical and psychological stress had almost opposite effects on the sleep patterns: In the physical stress group, hourly total rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and total non-REM sleep were significantly inhibited, whereas psychological stress enhanced hourly total REM sleep but not total non-REM sleep. Further results showed that total REM sleep, total non-REM sleep, total sleep and the total number of REM sleep episodes in 5 h were reduced, and that sleep latency was prolonged compared to the control group. On the other hand, in the psychological stress group, the total REM sleep in 5 h was increased significantly due to the prolongation of the average duration of REM sleep episodes and reduced REM sleep latency. In addition, the plasma of corticosterone increased significantly after physical stress but not after psychological stress. These results suggested that the sleep patterns, particularly the patterns of REM sleep following physical and psychological stress, are probably regulated by 2 different pathways.</p

POLA TIDUR PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL

Background: Sleep quality refers to a person's level of satisfaction with their sleep, characterized by the absence of insomnia symptoms and no difficulty falling asleep. Sleep quality can be measured objectively from sleep, such as sleep duration and time needed to fall asleep, as well as subjective factors such as overall satisfaction with a night's sleep and feeling rested. Purpose: This research aims to explore and understand in depth the sleep patterns of Civil Engineering Study Program students through in-depth interviews with three participants. Method: This research design uses a qualitative research design with a case study approach. Respondents to this study were three people from the Civil Engineering Studies Program, taken with purposive sampling techniques in October-November 2023. Sleep patterns in civil engineering students were measured using an interview guide containing 11 questions. Results: The topics obtained from this study were four, namely, sleep patterns, causes of sleep pattern changes, strategies to deal with stress, and The impacts of sleep deprivation are also identified, including effects on mental and physical wellbeing. Conclusion: Sleep patterns are influenced by the habit of using smartphones before bedtime, academic tasks and lecture activities. The impact of lack of sleep involves a decrease in excitement, focus, and memory. These findings could contribute to a further understanding of student sleep patterns in the academic community, with implications for the development of better sleep management strategies

SensibleSleep: A Bayesian Model for Learning Sleep Patterns from Smartphone Events

We propose a Bayesian model for extracting sleep patterns from smartphone events. Our method is able to identify individuals' daily sleep periods and their evolution over time, and provides an estimation of the probability of sleep and wake transitions. The model is fitted to more than 400 participants from two different datasets, and we verify the results against ground truth from dedicated armband sleep trackers. We show that the model is able to produce reliable sleep estimates with an accuracy of 0.89, both at the individual and at the collective level. Moreover the Bayesian model is able to quantify uncertainty and encode prior knowledge about sleep patterns. Compared with existing smartphone-based systems, our method requires only screen on/off events, and is therefore much less intrusive in terms of privacy and more battery-efficient

Sleep

There is much received wisdom on infant sleep and new parents will find that just about everyone they speak to has an opinion – where, how much, how often. For parents, understanding infant sleep and adapting to new patterns and behaviours can be one of the biggest challenges in the early years. Unsurprisingly, sleep is one of the main concerns presented by parents to child and family health nurses. By giving parents information about sleep, they can be better prepared to promote and support healthy sleep patterns in their infants (Middlemiss, 2004). During sleep we all go through cycles of deep and light sleep. An adult’s sleep cycle lasts around 90 minutes, but an infant’s cycle is shorter, lasting 20 to 50 minutes. Deep sleep is quiet sleep; babies are mostly still and breathe evenly, but will sometimes jerk or startle. During light, active sleep, babies look restless, groan, sometimes open their eyes and even wake up completely. The amount of time we spend in each phase of sleep varies depending on age. Newborns spend about half their sleeping time in a light, active sleep, but by three years old, only one third of sleep time is active. This continues to reduce as children grow older. Understanding the physiological basics of sleep – cycles, patterns, phases and how much we need at different ages – can help health professionals and parents make better sense of infant sleep behaviours. For example, frequent night waking can be a problem for some parents but is in fact a normal part of an infant’s sleep cycle. There’s even an argument that night waking serves protective functions by allowing frequent feeding and creating the opportunity for emotional reconnection and brain stimulation. It may be helpful for parents to focus on improving their infant’s ability to self-settle rather than on the frequent waking.&nbsp

Managing sleep and wakefulness in a 24 hour world

This article contributes to literature on the sociology of sleep by exploring the sleeping practices and subjective sleep experiences of two social groups: shift workers and students. It draws on data, collected in the UK from 25 semi-structured interviews, to discuss the complex ways in which working patterns and social activities impact upon experiences and expectations of sleep in our wired awake world. The data show that, typically, sleep is valued and considered to be important for health, general wellbeing, appearance and physical and cognitive functioning. However, sleep time is often cut back on in favour of work demands and social activities. While shift workers described their efforts to fit in an adequate amount of sleep per 24-hour period, for students, the adoption of a flexible sleep routine was thought to be favourable for maintaining a work–social life balance. Collectively, respondents reported using a wide range of strategies, techniques, technologies and practices to encourage, overcome or delay sleep(iness) and boost, promote or enhance wakefulness/alertness at socially desirable times. The analysis demonstrates how social context impacts not only on how we come to think about sleep and understand it, but also how we manage or self-regulate our sleeping patterns

Sleep pattern disruption of flight attendants operating on the Asia–Pacific route

Jet lag is a common issue with flight attendants in international flights, as they have to cross several time zones back and forth, while their sleep patterns get disrupted by the legally required rest times between flights, which are normally carried out at different locations. This research aimed to investigate the sleep quality of a sample of flight attendants operating between New Zealand and Asia. Twenty flight attendants were surveyed in this research. The research found that flight attendants typically took a nap immediately after arriving into New Zealand, reporting a sound sleep time of about 6 hours. After the nap, however, they had problems falling sleep in subsequent nights. After their first nap, some flight attendants try to adapt to local light conditions, while others prefer to keep the sleep patterns they had back home. Both groups report different trends of sleep quality

Neural reactivations during sleep determine network credit assignment.

A fundamental goal of motor learning is to establish the neural patterns that produce a desired behavioral outcome. It remains unclear how and when the nervous system solves this 'credit assignment' problem. Using neuroprosthetic learning, in which we could control the causal relationship between neurons and behavior, we found that sleep-dependent processing was required for credit assignment and the establishment of task-related functional connectivity reflecting the casual neuron-behavior relationship. Notably, we observed a strong link between the microstructure of sleep reactivations and credit assignment, with downscaling of non-causal activity. Decoupling of spiking to slow oscillations using optogenetic methods eliminated rescaling. Thus, our results suggest that coordinated firing during sleep is essential for establishing sparse activation patterns that reflect the causal neuron-behavior relationship

Emotional Effects of the Duration, Efficiency, and Subjective Quality of Sleep in Healthcare Personnel

Considering that both sleep quality and duration are linked to psychological variables, this study analyzed the relationships between sleep components and emotional intelligence and the effects that sleep duration has on stress management and mood in a sample of nurses. The sample was made up of 1073 professionals. Data were collected by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Senior Citizens. The results showed that the components of sleep quality were negatively related to stress management and mood. Furthermore, nurses who had short sleep patterns also had low moods and high stress levels. This study emphasizes the importance of subjective sleep quality as a necessary resource for professionals to manage stressful situations and mood and improve their relations with their patients and with each other