An adaptive filtering method for fMRI data is presented. The method is related to bilateral filtering, but with a range filter that takes into account local similarities in signal as well as in anatomy. Performance is demonstrated on simulated and real data. It is shown that using both these similarity constraints give better performance than if only one of them is used, and clearly better than standard low-pass filtering. Index Terms — magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, adaptive filters, bilateral filtering 1