Reducing the Amount of Microbiological Growth Using Ultrasonic Treatment

This thesis explored the possibility of using ultrasonic treatment to reduce the amount of microbiological growth in a sample of contaminated mill wastewater. It was found that ultrasonic treatment reduces microbiological growth through the mechanism of cavitation. percent inhibition increases with both time of treatment and applied power. The most economical conditions were high power and a short treatment time. The increase in cell volume had an inverse effect on the percent inhibition. The increase in consistency of the treated solution also had an inverse effect on the percent inhibition and 6% was the maximum treatable consistency. Ultrasonic treatment was compared to three popular biocides at a 90% inhibition level. The biocides used were Methylene Bis(Thiocyanate), Isothiazolin, and a Thiadiazine type. Dosages to achieve 90% inhibition were 154 ppm., 161 ppm, and 127 ppm. respectively. The 90% inhibition level was reached with 0.0158 kW hrs. of energy, using ultrasonic treatment. This energy was scaled up to 8.030% HP day/ton. Further studies are recommended in the areas of cell geometry, determination of the maximum power efficiency, and the development of a dynamic model to test ultrasonic treatment in a situation oriented more towards the paper mill environment

Investigations of toughening mechanisms of epoxy resins

Composite material technology was applied to the solid rocket booster by the development of a carbon filament-epoxy resin case which yields a net increase of 4000 lbs. in payload in the shuttle. The question of reusability of the new composite tanks has not yet been answered and will depend on the toughness of the matrix resin. The present study was aimed at providing conditions whereby test specimens of the epoxy resin (EPON/85) and curing agents of systematically varied structures could be produced in a controlled manner. Three sets of conditions were found that might allow the isolation of the structural effects on toughness from the cure effects. The kinetic methods leading to the determination of these conditions are described

Chomsky, Knowledge of Language and the Rule-Following Considerations

According to Noam Chomsky, speakers of a language have a substantial body of propositional knowledge of that language that they draw upon in language production and comprehension. Since the late 1950s Chomsky"s project has been to characterise that knowledge and give an account of its acquisition. Arguably, one of the most powerful philosophical challenges to Chomsky"s output is generated by the rule following considerations of Philosophical Investigations §§ 138-242. My aim in this paper is to characterise the nature of this challenge, a topic that, rather surprisingly, has received relatively little attention in the philosophical literature

Polynomial Functors of Modules

We introduce the notion of numerical functors to generalise Eilenberg & MacLane's polynomial functors to modules over a binomial base ring. After shewing how these functors are encoded by modules over a certain ring, we record a precise criterion for a numerical (or polynomial) functor to admit a strict polynomial structure in the sense of Friedlander & Suslin. We also provide several characterisations of analytic functors

Language Idling and Language in Use Wittgenstein on Following Rules

This paper has a simple goal: it aims to present the difference between static logic and dynamic grammar. At the same time I will stress another difference which traverses logic and grammar: the difference between language idling and language in use. There is a development from static logic to dynamic grammar in Wittgenstein"s philosophy from early to late, whereas the difference between language idling and language in use pervades the whole oeuvre. Therefore I shall distinguish between four different conditions pertaining to the attempt to render the relations that hold language together. We find in early Wittgenstein "idle static logic" and "static logic in use," and in late Wittgenstein "idle dynamic grammar" and "dynamic grammar in use." This four-fold distinction serves to emphasize that the crucial shift to "use," which is usually claimed to be a feature of the Philosophical Investigations, already takes place in the Tractatus. A negligence of this "double shift" from logic to grammar and from idle language to language in use brought about a vast amount of misapprehensions of Wittgenstein"s philosophy, especially of the account of rule following

River Dart Scale Reading Investigation Report on the 1966 Season

This is the fifth River Dart Scale Reading Investigation Report on the 1966 Season by the Devon River Board. The object of this investigation is to examine, by means of scale-reading, the general biology of the salmon population of the River Dart. It reviews the methods used for the collection of scales and examination of the materials. It shows the results of the survey and the number of scales studied from each of the various sea-age classes, time of running with distribution of the sea-age groups throughout the season, fish sizes and smolt ages at migration. All it summarized in tables, and figures are included plotting weight distributions for each age classes and frequency distributions. It also compares the results of previous reports

Convergence characteristics of nonlinear vortex-lattice methods for configuration aerodynamics

Nonlinear panel methods have no proof for the existence and uniqueness of their solutions. The convergence characteristics of an iterative, nonlinear vortex-lattice method are, therefore, carefully investigated. The effects of several parameters, including (1) the surface-paneling method, (2) an integration method of the trajectories of the wake vortices, (3) vortex-grid refinement, and (4) the initial conditions for the first iteration on the computed aerodynamic coefficients and on the flow-field details are presented. The convergence of the iterative-solution procedure is usually rapid. The solution converges with grid refinement to a constant value, but the final value is not unique and varies with the wing surface-paneling and wake-discretization methods within some range in the vicinity of the experimental result