Common Capital: A Thought Experiment in Cross-Border Resolution

Cross-border bank resolution efforts focus on burden-sharing between bank owners, private creditors and the public. There is little talk of burden-sharing among governments, despite the rich history of governments trying to stick one another with the cost of financial conglomerate failures. There is an unspoken fear that acknowledging the need to allocate losses among governments would undermine post-crisis pledges of No More Bailouts. This symposium essay argues for making government stakes in private financial firms more transparent, and for using the contingent public share as a key to loss allocation among governments in cross-border banking crises

Adolescent Virginity Pledges in the United States

This paper presents a brief history of teen-focused abstinence groups and virginity pledge traditions. It then examines the various meanings virginity pledges have for the adolescents who take them. Much of this information is drawn from abstinence groups’ websites, as well as from personal interviews conducted by sociologists studying virginity loss. Several reasons for taking a virginity pledge were identified. Many of these reasons referenced Christianity. More specifically, pledge-taking was viewed as an act of worship, as a way to adhere to Biblical directives and as a way to honor God’s gift of virginity. Familial reasons were also given as a rationale for taking a virginity pledge. Pledgers referenced their parents’ beliefs regarding abstinence, as well as a desire to avoid emotional pain family members had endured as a result of having premarital sex. Pledgers also maintained virginity as a way to ensure positive romantic relationships in the future, with many desiring to give their virginity as a gift to their spouse. Finally, pledgers mentioned health-related reasons for maintaining virginity, particularly the desire to avoid sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy

Silence at a Price? Judicial Questionnaires and the Independence of Alaska’s Judiciary

The real estate industry is facing a major change. The activity based working is promoted heavily by real estate companies, brokers and consultants as the future workplace. Knowledge and information is however limited. Many concepts have a tendency to get mixed up when companies on the market choose to formulate their own concepts. The research is neglected, and more focused on health and design. This thesis focuses on describing how the market may evolve the knowledge and how to implement the activity based working in the workplaces. Purpose The thesis aims to conduct a study to clarify the question of what activity based working means. The focus will be to examining the current work that is proceeding on the market but also explore if it would be possible to facilitate the implementation of the activity based working by using explorative factor analysis. Primary questions • How to define activity based working? • Which theories support the discussion and definition of activity based working? • Which concepts are available on the market today and how are these promoted? • Can the implementation of the activity based working be facilitated by using an activity based scale that measures needs and reactions in different workplace environments? Method The thesis consists of both a qualitative and a quantitative study. The qualitative study is based on interviews and a survey of how the market perceive the activity based working and with which keywords associated with the concept. In total, seven interviews were conducted. The quantitative survey consised of approximately 1000 surveys. Conclusions • Importance of a common definition and market approach for activity based working • Manage the self interest in the market to ensure a good development of activity based working • Activity based working is not just about design and floorlayouts. • Knowledge sharing should be prioritized • Organization, Technology and Premises are all very influencing aspects • The implementation requires a lot of time and effort • Through exploratory factor analysis, is it possible to define the driving forxes within the organization. • The workplace is no longer a specific place. It is an activity that can be performed in multiple places. Future research Future research should focus to continuing efforts on create an overall overview of the activity based working, but also develop clear and efficient processes for the implementation of the activity based working. Other interesting aspects are the international dimension of the work. The development with activity based working will in the future not only be applied on offices. To therefore explore how various industries work with the concepts and if there are any specific needs to develop in the future. Definition In the analysis chapter the author presents a comprehensive definition of activity based working which is developed with the support by the qualitative and quantitative research: “Based on the activities that occur in the workplace, teadership, facilities, and technology are customized to effectively and in a structured way maximize the benefits and value of the work that the individuals performs”Fastighetsbranschen står inför en förändring. Det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssättet marknadsförs starkt av fastighetsbolag, mäklare och konsulter som det framtida arbetssättet. Kunskapen och informationen är dock bristfällig. Många begrepp har en tendens att blandas ihop då aktörer väljer att formulera sina egna begrepp. Forskningen är eftersatt och mer fokuserad på hälsa och design. Detta examensarbete fokuserar därför på att redogöra för hur arbetssättet kan utvecklas och hur arbetet i framtiden skall på ett effektivt sätt implementera det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssättet inom svenska företag och organisationer. Syfte Syftet med examensarbetet är att bringa klarhet i frågan om vad ett aktivitetsbaserat arbetssätt är. Fokus kommer även ligga i att undersöka det pågående arbetet på marknaden och olika aktörers syn på arbetssättet. I arbetet undersöks även om det skulle vara möjligt att underlätta implementeringen av ett aktivitetsbaserat arbetsätt med hjälp av en aktivitetsbaserad skala som mäter reaktioner på olika arbetsmiljöer. Frågeställningar • Hur definieras aktivitetsbaserat arbetsätt? • Vilka teorier stödjer diskussionen och definitionen av aktivitetsbaserat arbetssätt? • Vilka koncept finns idag på marknaden inom aktivitetsbaserat arbetsätt och hur preciseras och presenteras dessa? • Kan implementeringen av ett aktivitetsbaserat arbetsätt underlättas med hjälp av en aktivitetsbaserad skala som mäter behov och reaktioner på arbetsplatsmiljöer? Metod Undersökningen består dels av en kvalitativ samt en kvantitativ del. Den kvalitativa delen baseras på intervjuer och en marknadsundersökning över hur aktörer på marknaden uppfattar det aktivitetsbaserade begreppet och vilka nyckelord som används frekvent. Sammanlagt har sju även intervjuer genomförts med framstående personer inom ämnesområdet. Den kvantitativa undersökningen består av ett 100-tal enkäter som undersökt kunskapen om det aktivitetsbaserade begreppet inom marknaden och även här vilka nyckelord som används frekvent. Slutsatser • Samtliga aktörer bör enas om gemensam definition, information och kommunikation av det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssättet • Hantera marknadens starka egenintresse av arbetssättets utvekcling för att säkerställa en en seriös och förtreoendegivande bild av det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssätt • Aktivitetsbaserat arbetssätt har många fler dimensioner än design och planlösningar • Kunskapsspridning inom ämnesområdet bör prioriteras och säkerställas • Organisation, Ledarskap, Medarbetare, Teknik och Lokal är samtliga aspekter som bör beaktas vid implementeringen av det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssättet • Aktivitetsbaserat arbetssätt är en förändringsprocess som kräver kraft, engagemang och tid • Genom explorativ faktoranalys kan tydliga drivande aspekter urskiljas inom organisationer (AktivitetsBaserad Skala) • Arbetsplatsen är inte längre en specifik plats utan en aktivitet som kan utföras på mängder av platser. Framtida forskning Den framtida forskningen bör fokuseras på att dels fortsätta arbetet med att skapa en helhetsbild av arbetssättet men även möjliggöra tydliga och effektiva processer för implementering av det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssättet. Det internationella perspektivet är idag mindre utforskat. Ytterliggare ett område som är av intresse är hur olika branscher ser på utveckling av arbetssättet och vilka specifika behov dessa branscher möjligen har. Definition I det avslutande kapitlet redogörs en samlad definition av aktivitetsbaserat arbetsssätt som är framtagen med stöd av den kvalitativa och kvantitativa forskningen: “ Utifrån de aktiviteter som sker på arbetsplatsen anpassas ledarskap, lokaler och teknik för att på ett effektivt och strukturerat sätt maximera nyttan och värdet i det arbete som individerna utför

Analysis of the Copenhagen Accord pledges and its global climatic impacts‚ a snapshot of dissonant ambitions

This analysis of the Copenhagen Accord evaluates emission reduction pledges by individual countries against the Accord's climate-related objectives. Probabilistic estimates of the climatic consequences for a set of resulting multi-gas scenarios over the 21st century are calculated with a reduced complexity climate model, yielding global temperature increase and atmospheric CO2 and CO2-equivalent concentrations. Provisions for banked surplus emission allowances and credits from land use, land-use change and forestry are assessed and are shown to have the potential to lead to significant deterioration of the ambition levels implied by the pledges in 2020. This analysis demonstrates that the Copenhagen Accord and the pledges made under it represent a set of dissonant ambitions. The ambition level of the current pledges for 2020 and the lack of commonly agreed goals for 2050 place in peril the Accord's own ambition: to limit global warming to below 2 °C, and even more so for 1.5 °C, which is referenced in the Accord in association with potentially strengthening the long-term temperature goal in 2015. Due to the limited level of ambition by 2020, the ability to limit emissions afterwards to pathways consistent with either the 2 or 1.5 °C goal is likely to become less feasibl

Spartan Daily, October 20, 1942

Volume 31, Issue 14https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/3494/thumbnail.jp

‘A devotion to the experimental sciences and arts’: the subscription to the great battery at the Royal Institution 1808–9

A significant but neglected theme in the history of British science in the nineteenth century is the funding of institutional research. The subscription to the ‘great battery’ at the Royal Institution in 1808 and 1809 provides the first instance of named individuals prepared to commit themselves to the provision of apparatus to be used for research in the new field of electrochemistry. This paper analyses the subscribers who were deemed to be ‘enlightened’ and whom Humphry Davy subsequently described as ‘a few zealous cultivators and patrons of science’. Using information from the subscription list, a distinction is made between the individual subscriptions pledged and the sums actually paid. In contextualizing the subscription, insights are provided into the Royal Society, the contemporary scientific community and the politics of metropolitan science. The voltaic subscription represents an early example of the repercussions of the nature of research funding for institutional finances and governance