Distributed and Grid Computing: An Analytical Comparison

Abstract-CPU utilization is an important aspect of distributed and grid computing environment. The computing nodes can be overloaded, i.e., they can have more jobs than their capacity such that no more jobs can be associated to them and in that case, the load from the overloaded node can be shifted to other nodes those are under loaded(i.e. doing little work or sitting idle). For this, load balancing is required. In load balancing the workload is redistributed among the computing nodes of the system. This improves the job response time and CPU utilization. Dynamic load balancing schemes operate on the decisions that based on the current state of the system. They do not require the previous state of the system for making the load balancing decisions. In this paper, we present an analytical comparison of the various dynamic load balancing schemes in distributed and grid computing environment. This comparison depicts which scheme is better in distributed environment and which is better in grid environment on a particular quality metrics

Caste and corporate directorships in India

The present study examines the diversity of corporate board structures in India based a sample of top 1,000 companies listed in Indian stock exchanges for 2010. In the study we examined diversity in terms of (a) caste, (b) gender and (c) independence of the board - proportion of outside directors to inside directors. The analysis shows that caste diversity virtually is non-existent. Nearly 65 per cent of the Indian corporate board members are from one caste group- forward caste. The representation of other caste groups (backward caste and lower caste) is virtually non-existent. This is given the fact that nearly 75 per cent of the Indian population and clientele of these companies are from these lowly represented caste groups. The lack of diversity is also reflected in gender as well. There is very low representation to women in Indian corporate board rooms. On the other hand, the board independence is relatively better but far from corporate board structures in advanced countries. The above analysis clearly brings out the huge disparity of Indian corporate board rooms in terms of caste diversity. Still Indian corporate boards belong to the ' old boys club' based on caste affiliation rather than based on other considerations (like merit or experience). Caste discrimination is related to hierarchical and hereditary allocation of jobs and composition of corporate boards in India continues to reflect that bias which is otherwise documented extensively in other areas like education, hiring process etc. --P. iii.The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b180319

Decoding the Diversity: A Review of the Indic AI Research Landscape

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of large language model (LLM) research directions within Indic languages. Indic languages are those spoken in the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan, among others. These languages have a rich cultural and linguistic heritage and are spoken by over 1.5 billion people worldwide. With the tremendous market potential and growing demand for natural language processing (NLP) based applications in diverse languages, generative applications for Indic languages pose unique challenges and opportunities for research. Our paper deep dives into the recent advancements in Indic generative modeling, contributing with a taxonomy of research directions, tabulating 84 recent publications. Research directions surveyed in this paper include LLM development, fine-tuning existing LLMs, development of corpora, benchmarking and evaluation, as well as publications around specific techniques, tools, and applications. We found that researchers across the publications emphasize the challenges associated with limited data availability, lack of standardization, and the peculiar linguistic complexities of Indic languages. This work aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working in the field of NLP, particularly those focused on Indic languages, and contributes to the development of more accurate and efficient LLM applications for these languages.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figur

The right to information act in India: the turbid world of transparency reforms

The enactment of the national Right to Information (RTI) Act in 2005 has been produced, consumed and celebrated as an important event of democratic deepening in India both in terms of the process that led to its enactment (arising from a grassroots movement) as well as its outcome (fundamentally altering the citizen-state relationship). This thesis problematises this narrative and proposes that the explanatory factors underlying this event may be more complex than thus far imagined. First, the leadership of the grassroots movement was embedded within the ruling elite and possessed the necessary resources as well as unparalleled access to spaces of power for the movement to be successful. Second, the democratisation of the higher bureaucracy along with the launch of the economic liberalisation project meant that the urban, educated, high-caste, upper-middle-class elite that provided critical support to the demand for an RTI Act was no longer vested in the state and had moved to the private sector. Mirroring this shift, the framing of the RTI Act during the 1990s saw its ambit reduced to the government, even as there was a concomitant push to privatise public goods and services. Third, the thesis locates the Indian RTI Act within the global explosion of freedom of information laws over the last two decades, and shows how international pressures, embedded within a reimagining of the role of the state vis-à-vis the market, had a direct and causal impact both on its content, as well as the timing of its enactment. Taking the production of the RTI Act as a lens, the thesis finally argues that while there is much to celebrate in the consolidation of procedural democracy in India over the last six decades, existing economic, social and political structures may limit the extent and forms of democratic deepening occurring in the near future

Studies on Chemical Entities of Therapeutic Interest

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Gender and the construction of identities in Indian elementary education

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Gender and the construction of identities in Indian elementary education

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Pharmacological Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Withania Coagulans Dunal (Flower Buds)

OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK:The plants are the key source of medicine in Ayurveda for treatment and prevention of diseases and maintenance of healthy life. The plants are used in medicine since antiquity. Much of the medicinal plants are documented in the Ancient Ayurvedic classics and these plants are still used successfully to treat different ailments. One of these plants which is used to treat various disease is Withania coagulans Dunal. The shrub is important for the property of coagulating milk, possessed by its berries; they are used for this purpose in North-West India and adjoining country. Withania coagulans are the most reputed medicinal plants of Ayurveda and has well-descript pharmacological activities such as physiological and metabolic restoration, anti-arthritic, anti-aging, cognitive function, improvement in geriatric states and recovery from neurodegenerative disorders.75, 132 Based on the literature review, it was planned to carry out the biological screening as outlined below To validate acute oral toxicity To study the behavioral coordination in rats To study the antiobesity activity in progesterone induced obese rats To study the antihyperlipidemic activity in fructose induced hyperlipidemic rats To study the analgesic activity To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and anthelmintic activity. CONCLUSION: From the study entitled "Pharmacological Evaluation of Withania coagulans Dunal (Flower buds), the following conclusion could be drawn The present study has thus duly supported the traditional use of Ethanolic Extract of Withania coagulans Dunal have scientifically proved the behavioral coordination, antiobesity, antihyperlipidemic, analgesic, anthelmintic, and antimicrobial activity. Apart from the suggested actions listed in discussion part absence of acute toxicity may also offer a new hope for safe treatment in future. Preliminary phytochemical study ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans Dunal was found to contain Carbohydrates, Protein, Steroids, Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides and Amino Acids are present. Presence of Alkaloids, Flavanoids and Glycosides in the ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans Dunal was concluded by IR & HPTLC analysis. Though present in small quantities, it was found to produce considerable effects The results of the present study indicate that the ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans was non-toxic up to dose level of 2000mg/kg body weight in albino rats as per acute oral toxicity studies. 1/10th of the LD50 Dose is 200mg/kg is used for Pharmacological screening Evaluation of anti-obesity activity of ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans showed significant anti obesity property by the obtained significant results against Progesterone induced obesity. From the results observed in the Progesterone induced obesity, it may be concluded that the test compound at the dose of 200mg/kg body weight displays a significant anti- obesity activity compared to standard drug Orlistat. The ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans at a dose of 200mg/kg exhibited significant hypolipidemic activity in Fructose induced hyperlipidemic rats. This is showed by the reduction of serum lipid parameters such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, SGOT and SGPT with an increase in HDL concentration in the group treated with 200mg/kg of Ethanolic Extract of Withania coagulans. It is found that there is a significant reduction in the Serum glucose. The ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans was subjected to the Tail Flick Analgesic test, showed a significant inhibitory effect. The ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans was subjected to the Anthelmintic activity against Pheritima posthuma, showed a significant inhibitory effect at higher doses 75mg/10ml of Normal Saline & 100mg/10ml of Normal Saline. The ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans was subjected to the antimicrobial test, showed a significant inhibitory effect on both gram positive, gram negative bacteria and also fungi. In future, further investigation might provide an insight to identify the functional groups in the ethanolic extract of Withania coagulans active responsible for the behavioral coordination, antiobesity, antihyperlipidemic, analgesic, anthelmintic, and antimicrobial effect and to elucidate the exact mechanism of action, which is responsible for the observed significant activity with low toxicity and better therapeutic inde