2 research outputs found
Automated pharyngeal phase detection and bolus localization in videofluoroscopic swallowing study: Killing two birds with one stone?
The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is a gold-standard imaging
technique for assessing swallowing, but analysis and rating of VFSS recordings
is time consuming and requires specialized training and expertise. Researchers
have recently demonstrated that it is possible to automatically detect the
pharyngeal phase of swallowing and to localize the bolus in VFSS recordings via
computer vision, fostering the development of novel techniques for automatic
VFSS analysis. However, training of algorithms to perform these tasks requires
large amounts of annotated data that are seldom available. We demonstrate that
the challenges of pharyngeal phase detection and bolus localization can be
solved together using a single approach. We propose a deep-learning framework
that jointly tackles pharyngeal phase detection and bolus localization in a
weakly-supervised manner, requiring only the initial and final frames of the
pharyngeal phase as ground truth annotations for the training. Our approach
stems from the observation that bolus presence in the pharynx is the most
prominent visual feature upon which to infer whether individual VFSS frames
belong to the pharyngeal phase. We conducted extensive experiments with
multiple convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on a dataset of 1245 bolus-level
clips from 59 healthy subjects. We demonstrated that the pharyngeal phase can
be detected with an F1-score higher than 0.9. Moreover, by processing the class
activation maps of the CNNs, we were able to localize the bolus with promising
results, obtaining correlations with ground truth trajectories higher than 0.9,
without any manual annotations of bolus location used for training purposes.
Once validated on a larger sample of participants with swallowing disorders,
our framework will pave the way for the development of intelligent tools for
VFSS analysis to support clinicians in swallowing assessment
Genetic Taster Status as a Mediator of Neural Activity and Swallowing Mechanics in Healthy Adults
As part of a larger study examining relationships between taste properties and swallowing, we assessed the influence of genetic taster status (GTS) on measures of brain activity and swallowing physiology during taste stimulation in healthy men and women. Twenty-one participants underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during trials of high-intensity taste stimuli. The precisely formulated mixtures included sour, sweet-sour, lemon, and orange taste profiles and unflavored controls. Swallowing physiology was characterized via computational analysis of swallowing mechanics plus other kinematic and temporal measures, all extracted from VFSS recordings. Whole-brain analysis of fMRI data assessed blood oxygen responses to neural activity associated with taste stimulation. Swallowing morphometry, kinematics, temporal measures, and neuroimaging analysis revealed differential responses by GTS. Supertasters exhibited increased amplitude of most pharyngeal movements, and decreased activity in the primary somatosensory cortex compared to nontasters and midtasters. These preliminary findings suggest baseline differences in swallowing physiology and the associated neural underpinnings associated with GTS. Given the potential implications for dysphagia risk and recovery patterns, GTS should be included as a relevant variable in future research regarding swallowing function and dysfunction