Concession implies causality, though in some other space

Causaliteit en subjectiviteit in een taalgebruiksbenadering van de grammatica van het Nederland

ANALISIS MORFO-SEMANTIS JENENG TUWA DI DESA WATUAGUNG KECAMATAN TAMBAK KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui bentuk lingual jeneng tuwa di Desa Watuagung, 2) mendeskripsikan makna jeneng tuwa di Desa Watuagung, dan 3) mendeskripsikan latar belakang pemberian jeneng tuwa di Desa Watuagung. Bentuk lingual, makna serta latar belakang penamaan perlu diketahui masyarakat karena dalam jeneng tuwa pasti ada harapan tertentu dari yang memberikan nama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Setting penelitian ini adalah di Watuagung. Subyek penelitian ini adalah warga masyarakat Desa Watuagung yakni di Dukuh Kedhung Kondhor, Dukuh Kedhung Pring, Dukuh Kaliterus, dan Dukuh Siwukan. Teknik pengambilan data diperoleh dengan cara angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian berupa dokumen, angket dan wawancara, dalam instrumen penelitian peneliti berperan aktif dalam pemerolehan data lapangan. Keabsahan data diperoleh melalui validitas semantik dan reliabelitas intrarater. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) bentuk lingual jeneng tuwa dibagi tiga yaitu 1 kata, 2 kata dan 3 kata, (2) jeneng tuwa dengan bentuk lingual 1 kata mempunyai 13 latar belakang penamaan yaitu sebagai ungkapan harapan atau do’a keselamatan, ungkapan harapan ketenteraman, ungkapan harapan kekayaan, ungkapan harapan kebahagiaan, ungkapan harapan sifat baik, ungkapan harapan kepandaian, ungkapan harapan kesederhanaan, ungkapan harapan keberanian, ungkapan harapan kekuatan, tanda peringatan suatu peristiwa, mengambil nama anggota keluarga laki-laki, mengambil nama anggota keluarga perempuan, mengambil nama kecil, mengambil nama tokoh, (3) jeneng tuwa dengan bentuk lingual 2 kata mempunyai 11 latar belakang penamaan yaitu sebagai ungkapan harapan atau do’a keselamatan, ungkapan harapan kekayaan, ungkapan harapan kebahagiaan dan ketenteraman, ungkapan harapan sifat baik, ungkapan harapan kepandaian, ungkapan harapan kekuatan, tanda peringatan suatu peristiwa, mengambil nama anggota keluarga laki-laki, mengambil nama anggota keluarga perempuan, mengambil nama kecil, mengambil nama tokoh, (4) jeneng tuwa dengan bentuk lingual 3 kata hanya ditemukan dua nama. Adapun latar belakang penamaannya yaitu gabungan antara nama anggota keluarga lakilaki dan perempuan, mengambil nama tokoh, ungkapan harapan kebahagiaan dan sifat baik, (5) sebagian besar pemberi nama khususnya orang tua dan mertua mengetahui makna jeneng tuwa yang diberikan, dan (6) bahasa lain yang mempengaruhi pemberian jeneng tuwa ialah bahasa Sansekerta dan Bahasa Arab

Translating Zola's L’Assommoir: a stylistic approach

In the following thesis, we will be applying a number of linguistic, stylistic and critical techniques with a view to elucidating the phenomenon of literary translation. Our corpus will be drawn almost exclusively from Emile Zola's late nineteenth-century French classic, L'Assommoir, and seven English-language translations thereof: the focus of the thesis throughout being upon the analysis of concrete examples. Our aim is thus to arrive at a substantial body of analytical knowledge through the exploration of translation in practice rather than through a series of secondary commentaries upon other works of translation theory. Reference will, of course, be made to such works when appropriate. One of the principal premises of the thesis is that linguistic techniques can indeed be applied to a corpus of literary text without sacrificing traditional critical judgement or the possibility of rational evaluation. Accordingly, we will be concerned to formulate reasoned and explicit parameters of assessment throughout the course of our analysis. In particular, we will be seeking to illuminate the various facets of what we call 'literary texture' and how these might be rendered in translation. In certain cases, one rendering may be preferred to another, although no attempt will be made to rank the respective translations by order of merit in overall terms. Occasionally, we will also be hazarding our own versions when those drawn from the corpus prove to be unsatisfactory. Similarly, a 'proposed translation' is offered at the conclusion of every major passage studied. These translations are, of course, to be considered as open and heuristic explorations rather than prescriptive or definitive corrections. Our thesis will be divided into seven main chapters, each one of which is designed to illustrate the phenomenon of literary translation from a slightly different angle. In the first one of these, we map out the basic methodological template of the thesis. In the second, we examine various aspects of the decision making process involved in 'choosing the right word'. This lengthy second chapter is then followed by an analysis of the postulate that translations tend to be more periphrastic and explicit than originals. We then move onto the thorny terrain of prose rhythm, examining how the particular beat and pressure of the original text might be made to resonate within the echo chamber of another language. In the fifth and sixth chapters, we consider the difficulties involved in transcribing the specificity of colloquial language and slang into both written and translated form. Our study concludes with an exploration of Zola's écriture artiste, paying particular attention to the way in which the translators render the various figurative torques and twists characterising this highly aesthetic style of description. It is to be hoped that our thesis will be of interest both to students of translation in general and to Zola scholars in particular. I hereby declare that all work contained in this thesis not otherwise referenced is to be considered my own