Seguro animal, ¿animal seguro?

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

Social protection programs and employment: The case of Mexico’s “Seguro Popular” program

Mexico created Seguro Popular in 2002 with the goal of providing free or subsidized health insurance coverage to 47 million uninsured people by the year 2013. Only individuals lacking the social security protections granted to all formal sector workers and their families are eligible. Hence, one unintended consequence of the program could be an increase in the size of the informal sector. The introduction of the Seguro Popular program was conducted in stages, across municipalities and time. We exploit this variation and implement a differences-in-differences approach in order to identify the causal effect of the program in formal employment outcomes. We analyze the effect of Seguro Popular using 33 large and relatively rich cities from labor force surveys conducted from 2001 to 2004. In order to measure the effect for poorer municipalities, we also use the individual-level Oportunidades dataset that covers 136 municipalities from 2002 to 2004. We find little evidence of any correlation between Seguro Popular and the decision of workers to be employed in the formal or informal sector. One possible explanation of our findings is the low enrollment of the Seguro Popular program during the period we study. We provide suggestive evidence from the 33 cities that the result holds for the 2005 to 2006 period as well. We conclude that the recent increase in informal employment in Mexico is due to other causes.Mexico, informality, employment

Does expanding health insurance beyond formal-sector workers encourage informality ? measuring the impact of Mexico's Seguro Popular

Seguro Popular was introduced in 2002 to provide health insurance to the 50 million Mexicans without Social Security. This paper tests whether the program has had unintended consequences, distorting workers'incentives to operate in the informal sector. The analysis examines the impact of Seguro Popular on disaggregated labor market decisions, taking into account that program coverage depends not only on the individual's employment status, but also that of other household members. The identification strategy relies on the variation in Seguro Popular's rollout across municipalities and time, with the difference-in-difference estimation controlling for household fixed effects. The paper finds that Seguro Popular lowers formality by 0.4-0.7 percentage points, with adjustments largely occurring within a few years of the program's introduction. Rather than encouraging exit from the formal sector, Seguro Popular is associated with a 3.1 percentage point reduction (a 20 percent decline) in the inflow of workers into formality. Income effects are also apparent, with significantly decreased flows out of unemployment and lower labor force participation. The impact is larger for those with less education, in larger households, and with someone else in the household guaranteeing Social Security coverage. However, workers pay for part of these benefits with lower wages in the informal sector.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Markets,Labor Policies,Housing&Human Habitats,Population Policies

Influence of Service Quality Perception Towards Satisfaction and Customer's Loyalty: a Research on Cellular Phone Provider in West Java

The decrease of consumer satisfaction and loyalty should be carefully interpreted since both determine the performance of cellular telecommunication service provider. Simultaneously, consumer perception of service quality, bounded factor and relational relationship quality are factors that influence costumer satisfaction and loyalty. Data are collected from 8 universities in Bandung. The study applies two research methods, that is quantitative method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and qualitative method using Focus Group Discussion. Research results identify that the principal determinant factor for customer satisfaction and loyalty is consumer perception of service quality, whereas bounded factor indirectly affects customer satisfaction, it functions as moderating variable for the relationships between costumer perception of service quality and relational relationship quality with customer loyalty. Relational relationship quality also indirectly affects customer satisfaction. Perception of services and relational relationship quality have direct effect on customer loyalty

Seguro de Desempleo y Riesgo individual del desempleo: Caso Chileno

Chile posee un sistema de seguro de desempleo con un diseño y forma de financiamiento única en el mundo.Esta combina cuentas de ahorro individuales, financiadas por trabajadores y empresas con un fondoredistributivo financiado por empresas y el Estado. Este paper intenta determinar los factores de riesgoasociados al desempleo y el posible impacto del seguro de desempleo en Chile. Se usan tres medidas deriesgo: la pérdida involuntaria del empleo, la duración del desempleo y la reinserción en el empleo. Pararealizar esta investigación se utiliza un panel de individuos quienes se observan mensualmente desde enero de2002 hasta diciembre de 2004 su condición laboral y las características de las empresas donde estuvotrabajando, su condición de afiliación al seguro y se agregaron a estos datos medidas de ciclo económico(EPS 2004). Aprovechando la forma de panel de los datos de historia laboral se estima el posible impacto deestar afiliado o ser beneficiario del seguro en la probabilidad de estar desempleado y en la duración deldesempleo, controlando por factores correlacionados con la condición de afiliación. Se utilizarán modelosmultinomial logit, modelos de duración y un modelo de máximo verosimilitud condicional con efectos fijos ypanel de efectos fijos. A diferencia de lo reportado en la literatura internacional con respecto a los efectos delos sistemas de seguro desempleo tradicionales, los individuos que logran acceder a los beneficios del segurode desempleo o aquellos que están afiliados tienen una menor probabilidad de estar desempleados relativos aestar empleados y tienen períodos de desempleo más cortos que sus pares.seguro de desempleo, riesgo de desempleo, modelos de duracion, modelo logistico condicional

La Sostenibilidad de Deuda frente a Riesgo de Catastrofes Naturales

Los desastres naturales son una importante fuente de vulnerabilidad en la región del Caribe. A pesar de ser una de las regiones del mundo con más altas probabilidades de desastres naturales, el Caribe tiene los niveles más bajos de cobertura de seguro. Este articulo examina la vulnerabilidad de las finanzas publicas de Belice debido a la alta ocurrencia de huracanes. El artículo estudia el potencial de instrumentos de aseguración que podrían reducir la vulnerabilidad a estos desastres naturales. Este estudio encuentra que el seguro de Riesgos Catastróficos mejora la sostenibilidad de la deuda del gobierno de Belice. La metodología aplicada por el estudio hace posible estimar el nivel apropiado de cobertura de seguro apropiado. Para el caso de Belice, es como máximo, US$120 millones por año. Organizaciones internacionales pueden jugar un papel importante en asistir a los países a sobrellevar las distorsiones de los mercados de seguros, como también en ayudar a disminuir la resistencia política interna contra la aplicación de esta póliza.

Como usar a tecnologia móvel para promover o acesso aberto: o caso da Biblioteca da ESTeSL

O que são os códigos QR? São códigos de barras bidimensionais que permitem codificar e descodificar informação de forma quase imediata, através de um dispositivo móvel com câmara e com um software de leitura instalado. Objetivo do estudo: Desenvolver novos serviços para o crescente número de leitores que recorrem a dispositivos móveis. Porquê os códigos QR na ESTeSL? Promover os recursos em acesso aberto; facilitar o acesso a esses recursos; captar uma nova geração de utilizadores