Improving the Resilience of Wireless Sensor Networks Against Security Threats: A Survey and Open Research Issues

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has gained importance in recent years due to its various benefits, practicability and extensive utilization in diverse applications. The innovation helps to make real-time automation, monitoring, detecting and tracking much easier and more effective than previous technologies. However, as well as their benefits and enormous potential, WSNs are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. This paper is a systematic literature review of the security-related threats and vulnerabilities in WSNs. We review the safety of and threats to each WSN communication layer and then highlight the importance of trust and reputation, and the features related to these, to address the safety vulnerabilities. Finally, we highlight the open research areas which need to be addressed in WSNs to increase their flexibility against security threats