Text Line Segmentation of Historical Documents: a Survey

There is a huge amount of historical documents in libraries and in various National Archives that have not been exploited electronically. Although automatic reading of complete pages remains, in most cases, a long-term objective, tasks such as word spotting, text/image alignment, authentication and extraction of specific fields are in use today. For all these tasks, a major step is document segmentation into text lines. Because of the low quality and the complexity of these documents (background noise, artifacts due to aging, interfering lines),automatic text line segmentation remains an open research field. The objective of this paper is to present a survey of existing methods, developed during the last decade, and dedicated to documents of historical interest.Comment: 25 pages, submitted version, To appear in International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, On line version available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/k2813176280456k3

Special Libraries, August 1980

Volume 71, Issue 8https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1980/1006/thumbnail.jp

Special Libraries, December 1975

Volume 66, Issue 12https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1975/1009/thumbnail.jp

Antigüedad Tardía islámica y Fatḥ: efectos tomados por causas

El objetivo de este trabajo es reconsiderar el concepto de conquista islámica -Fatḥ- en tanto que medio para la expansión islámica, así como contestar el modo en que tendemos a describir una serie de acciones bélicas en Oriente Medio y en el Mediterráneo calificándolas a veces de “islámicas” y otras veces de “árabes”. Se destacará lo inapropiado de considerar históricamente todas estas conquistas -futūḥ-, pertenecientes al ámbito de lo literario en las muy tardías crónicas árabes. Tales narraciones establecen una cadena de eventos interrelacionados y centralizados en una sola t simple causa: la matriz del Islam, siendo éste el modo erróneo en que suelen considerarse y enseñarse los orígenes del Islam.The aim of this paper is to reconsider the very concept of Fatḥ -conquestas means of early Islamic expansion as well as the way we tend to describe so many war actions in the Middle East and the Mediterranean region, the seventh and the eighth centuries, sometimes as Islamic, sometimes as Arab futūḥ -conquests-. It will also focus on the inappropriateness of considering those several war actions –those futūḥ, to literary effects in later Arabic chronicles- as a chain of subsequent events, interrelated, centralized and derived from a single cause, i.e. the matrix of Islam, as it is usually considered and taught