Role of climate feedback on methane and ozone studied with a coupled ocean-atmosphere-chemistry model.

We present results from two experiments carried out with a coupled ocean-atmosphere-tropospheric chemistry model run continously over the period 1990 to 2100. In the control experiment, climate is unforced, but emissions of trace gases to the chemical model increase in line with an illustrative scenario for future trace gas emissions with medium high growth. In the climate change experiment trace gas emissions are identical to the control, but climate is also forced using greenhouse gas concentrations and SO2 emissions from the same scenario. Global average methane in the climate change experiment increased from 1670 ppbv in 1990 to 3230 ppbv by 2100, compared to 3650 ppbv by 2100 in the control. The methane increase in the control experiment is therefore 27% more than in the control. This difference is due to both temperature and OH changes which increase the rate of methane oxidation and act in the opposite direction to the negative feedback of methane on itself through OH. Mid-latitude northern hemisphere ozone concentrations in July for the mid-troposphere rose from 39 ppbv in 1990s to 64 ppbv in the 2090s in the control experiment and to 49 ppbv in the climate change experiment. The direct role of climate change is therefore predicted to be a negative feedback on the radiative forcing from the change to tropospheric ozone and methane concentrations

Laffer curve in a non-Leviathan scenario: a real - effort experiment

The aim of this paper is to look for the presence of the Laffer curve in a non-Leviathan state using tax rates of 30%, 50% and 70%. We gave the players the opportunity to choose their labour supply both under a Welfare – State scenario and a State – of – Nature contract. The main evidence is that a tax rate of 70% is extremely unpopular and significantly decreases subjects' labour supply without any benefit on the tax revenue. On the other hand, an increase of the tax rate from 30% to 50% does not reduce the per capita labour supply while increasing the tax revenue.Laffer

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations from colliding Bose-Einstein condensates

We propose an experiment which can demonstrate quantum correlations in a physical scenario as discussed in the seminal work of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen. Momentum-entangled massive particles are produced via the four-wave mixing process of two colliding Bose-Einstein condensates. The particles' quantum correlations can be shown in a double double-slit experiment or via ghost interference.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, published versio

Device-independent dimension test in a multiparty Bell experiment

A device-independent dimension test for a Bell experiment aims to estimate the underlying Hilbert space dimension that is required to produce given measurement statistical data without any other assumptions concerning the quantum apparatus. Previous work mostly deals with the two-party version of this problem. In this paper, we propose a very general and robust approach to test the dimension of any subsystem in a multiparty Bell experiment. Our dimension test stems from the study of a new multiparty scenario which we call prepare-and-distribute. This is like the prepare-and-measure scenario, but the quantum state is sent to multiple, non-communicating parties. Through specific examples, we show that our test results can be tight. Furthermore, we compare the performance of our test to results based on known bipartite tests, and witness remarkable advantage, which indicates that our test is of a true multiparty nature. We conclude by pointing out that with some partial information about the quantum states involved in the experiment, it is possible to learn other interesting properties beyond dimension.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Survival processing versus self-reference : a memory advantage following descriptive self-referential encoding

Previous research has shown that rating words for their relevance to a survival scenario leads to better retention of the words than rating them for self-reference. Past studies have, however, relied exclusively on an autobiographical self-reference task in which participants rate how easily a common noun brings to mind a personal experience. We report five experiments comparing survival processing to a descriptive self-reference task in which participants rated how well trait words described them. Rating trait adjectives for survival value led to higher levels of recall and recognition than rating them for their relevance to a moving home scenario. Rating the adjectives for self-reference, however, led to higher levels of recall (Experiments 1 and 3) and recollection (Experiment 2) than survival rating. Experiment 4 replaced trait adjectives with trait nouns and found that self-reference led to greater recognition accuracy than survival processing. Experiment 5 used trait nouns followed by tests of free recall and found a memory advantage following self-reference that was not influenced by the imageability of the stimuli. The findings are discussed in terms of theories of the survival processing and self-reference effects and the relationship between them

Constraints from Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

We examine the constraints from the recent HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW double beta decay experiment. It leads us to the almost degenerate or inverse hierarchy neutrino mass scenario. In this scenario, we obtain possible upper bounds for the Majorana CP violating phase in the lepton sector by incorporating the data from the neutrino oscillation, the single beta decay experiments, and from the astrophysical observation. We also predict the neutrino mass that may be measurable in the future beta decay experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Entanglement swapping, light cones and elements of reality

Recently, a number of two-participant all-versus-nothing Bell experiments have been proposed. Here, we give local realistic explanations for these experiments. More precisely, we examine the scenario where a participant swaps his entanglement with two other participants and then is removed from the experiment; we also examine the scenario where two particles are in the same light cone, i.e. belong to a single participant. Our conclusion is that, in both cases, the proposed experiments are not convincing proofs against local realism.Comment: 10 pages, no figure, LHV models given explicitely, more explanation