523,284 research outputs found
Plasmonic interferometry: probing launching dipoles in scanning-probe plasmonics
We develop a semi-analytical method for analyzing surface plasmon
interferometry using near-field scanning optical sources. We compare our
approach to Young double hole interferometry experiments using scanning
tunneling microscope (STM) discussed in the literature and realize experiments
with an aperture near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) source
positioned near a ring like aperture slit milled in a thick gold film. In both
cases the agreement between experiments and model is very good. We emphasize
the role of dipole orientations and discuss the role of magnetic versus
electric dipole contributions to the imaging process as well as the
directionality of the effective dipoles associated with the various optical and
plasmonic sources.Comment: To appear in Journal of Applied Physics (2014
On the imaging of electron transport in semiconductor quantum structures by scanning-gate microscopy: successes and limitations
This paper presents a brief review of scanning-gate microscopy applied to the
imaging of electron transport in buried semiconductor quantum structures. After
an introduction to the technique and to some of its practical issues, we
summarise a selection of its successful achievements found in the literature,
including our own research. The latter focuses on the imaging of GaInAs-based
quantum rings both in the low magnetic field Aharonov-Bohm regime and in the
high-field quantum Hall regime. Based on our own experience, we then discuss in
detail some of the limitations of scanning-gate microscopy. These include
possible tip induced artefacts, effects of a large bias applied to the scanning
tip, as well as consequences of unwanted charge traps on the conductance maps.
We emphasize how special care must be paid in interpreting these scanning-gate
images.Comment: Special issue on (nano)characterization of semiconductor materials
and structure
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Models for the Prediction of the Thermal
Five models and eq\1ationsJorthe.predictic;>nof the tbertnal conduc~"ities of powders in the
literature are compared with the data obtainedill the experiments of the authors. Anew modified
ntodel for the. correlation of the experimental data is presented.
Key words: differential scanning calorimetry, porosity, solid content, specific heat, thermal
conductivity.Mechanical Engineerin
Imaging Ferroelectric Domains via Charge Gradient Microscopy Enhanced by Principal Component Analysis
Local domain structures of ferroelectrics have been studied extensively using
various modes of scanning probes at the nanoscale, including piezoresponse
force microscopy (PFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), though none of
these techniques measure the polarization directly, and the fast formation
kinetics of domains and screening charges cannot be captured by these
quasi-static measurements. In this study, we used charge gradient microscopy
(CGM) to image ferroelectric domains of lithium niobate based on current
measured during fast scanning, and applied principal component analysis (PCA)
to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of noisy raw data. We found that the CGM
signal increases linearly with the scan speed while decreases with the
temperature under power-law, consistent with proposed imaging mechanisms of
scraping and refilling of surface charges within domains, and polarization
change across domain wall. We then, based on CGM mappings, estimated the
spontaneous polarization and the density of surface charges with order of
magnitude agreement with literature data. The study demonstrates that PCA is a
powerful method in imaging analysis of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with
which quantitative analysis of noisy raw data becomes possible
Key factor for hastening the strategic issue diagnosis process: a within organisational model
Previous research on Strategic Issue Diagnosis (SID) had focused on the complexity and novelty associated with the decision-making process in a turbulent environment. What had not been previously addressed in the extant literature is the requirement for speed inherent within the SID process, especially that is related to the gathering of information and facts through an organisation’s environmental scanning procedures. Since proactive management techniques, nimble processes, and systems that allow an organisation to be responsive and build rapid decision-making capabilities are important determinants of success in a turbulent environment, the element of speed associated with SID is an important factor. Our paper identifi es a series of propositions focusing att ention
on elements of the environmental scanning processes and management hierarchies that are intended to counteract the recursiveness and redundancy inherent in SID systems and ultimately hasten the strategic decision-making process
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