Scabies outbreaks in residential care homes: factors associated with late recognition, burden and impact. A mixed methods study in England

Scabies is an important public health problem in residential care homes. Delayed diagnosis contributes to outbreaks, which may be prolonged and difficult to control. We investigated factors influencing outbreak recognition, diagnosis and treatment, and staff experiences of outbreak control, identifying areas for intervention. We carried out a semi-structured survey of managers, affected residents and staff of seven care homes reporting suspected scabies outbreaks in southern England over a 6-month period. Attack rates ranged from 2% to 50%, and most cases had dementia (37/39, 95%). Cases were diagnosed clinically by GPs (59%) or home staff (41%), none by dermatologists. Most outbreaks were attributable to avoidably late diagnosis of the index case. Participants reported considerable challenges in managing scabies outbreaks, including late diagnosis and recognition of outbreaks; logistically difficult mass treatment; distressing treatment processes and high costs. This study demonstrates the need for improved support for care homes in detecting and managing these outbreak

Community perceptions of free-roaming dogs and management practices in villages at the periphery of a protected area in Bhutan

In Bhutan, free-roamingdogs pose health hazards to human, livestock, andwildlife. Understanding the perceptions and practices of local communitiesregarding free-roaming dogs is important to mitigate negative impacts. A community-based study was conducted inthe buffer zone of Strict Nature Reserve, western Bhutan. The study was conducted in February-October 2018 using a household questionnairesurvey, 'free-listing'of dog diseases, group discussions and key-informantinterviews.A total of 140 householdsfromKatsho and Esuegeogs(sub-districts) were interviewed. People classify dogs under three categories: 'Gokhi'/petdog, 'Changkhi'/stray dog, and 'Shakhi'/feraldog. A higher proportion of rural people owned pet dogs, which were considered important to guard crops and livestock from wildlifeandprotect households'properties. Owning a dog also contributed significantly to the non-material well-beingof the respondents, especially in the rural villages. In contrast to the perceived positive impacts of the pet dogs,81%of the respondents considered stray and feral dogs a problem in thecommunity.The threats were attacks/bites by free-roaming dogs to humans, livestock and also wildlife. Rabies was the most frequently (69.7%) known dog diseases with the highest rank (1.46) in the list, followed by scabies (49.5%, rank1.52). The majority (56%) of the respondents indicated that stray and feral dogs originate from abandoned pet dogs. This study calls for a multi-sectorial/One Health approach to mitigate the threats posed by free-roaming dogs and more detailed ecological and epidemiological studies are required to control their impacts

Strategy to Increase Quality of Health Education in Boarding School Malang as Solution to Prevent Scabies

Scabies is itch human skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis. The prevalence ofscabies in boarding school was relative high. That condition must be solves, because is frequentlyassociated with considerable morbidity, difficulties in concentration can lead to poor performance inschool. Therefore, health education is necessary to increase knowledge student, introduce scabies, andmotivated student behavior healthy that prevent spread and control of scabies in boarding school. The aimof this research: 1) describe prevalence scabies in boarding school Malang Raya,2) describe the student knowledge about scabies, 3) describe health education was done in boardingschool. The type of study is survey epidemiologic scabies. Total population is 4233 students with asample of the study were 410 students. The sampling technique on this research was random samplingmethod. The data were collected using interviews, observation and instrument test. The result of thisresearch: 1) the prevalence scabies in boarding school Malang Raya was 37.32%,2) the student knowledge were low, with average 57.73±16.84. The score minimal is 0, and the scoremaximal is 100. 3) Health education in boarding school not variation, and monotone. There was rulesrelated personal hygiene in boarding school. Counseling to promote knowledge students was done bylecture method, answer and question method. Quality of health education must be increased by somestrategy. There was variation method, using media which interest attention student

Scabies contamination status in Iran: A review

Background and aims: Scabies is a common worldwide parasitic contagious disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei of the order of Astigmata of the family of Sarcoptidae. Therefore, this review is to determine the exact status of scabies in Iran in order to manage it better. Methods: On the whole, out of the 120 articles and books, 56 ones were covered based on items such as study purpose, date of publication, journal’s credibility, indication of the subject in them, transmittance, way of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Results: Due to the non-uniform geographical distribution of scabies in Iran, diagnosis and treatment of the disease is different. Studies show that scabies is on increase in Iran. Thus, scabies is a burden to the economy and the health care system. Prevalence of this disease has been rather high in Iran during war, prisons, and geographical humid areas which are variable in different provinces due to various climates. Conclusion: By regular monitoring and controlling the way the disease spreads, health of the population at risk can be maintained in order to bring health to the society that is among the main aims of every organizations and health providing institutions. This review focuses on scabies in Iran and other countries the entire world over to find ways for preventing and giving health care to control the diseas

The Effect of the Skin Personal Hygiene Modules as Health Education Media Against Knowledge in Prevention of Skabies

Background: Scabies is often called body lice caused by mites Sarcoptes scabei. Scabies is often overlooked because it is not life-threatening so the priority for treatment is low, but chronic and severe scabies can cause dangerous complications (Harahap, 2008). This typical boarding disease is very closely related to the culture and values that exist in the Islamic boarding school environment. The students who suffer from scabies have complaints that they often itch at night so they can disturb their rest or sleep at night.Objectives: This study aimed to the effect of the skin personal hygiene modules as health education media against knowledge in prevention of skabies in the Islamic boarding school Roudhotul Muta\u27alimin Muta\u27alimat, Jabon Sub-District, Sidoarjo District, East Java Province, Indonesia.Method: The study design was used pre-experiment (one group pretest posttest). The population is all of students who lives in the Islamic boarding school Roudhotul Muta\u27alimin Muta\u27alimat, Jabon Sub-District, Sidoarjo District, East Java Province, Indonesia, amounting to 72 students. The sample of this study was 60 students using simple random sampling. The research instruments were skin personal hygiene modules and questionnaires. Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.Results: The results showed that the level of knowledge before and after being given health education using the skin personal hygiene module was an increase, based on the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test analysis showed a difference with a significant value p = 0,000 and significance level α<0.05.Conclusion: Health education using the skin personal hygiene module had a positive impact on increasing the knowledge of the students at the Islamic boarding school Roudhotul Muta\u27alimin Muta\u27alimat Jabon Sidoarjo. Health education through counseling can be used to maintain and improve the health of the students in preventing scabies

Skabies Penyakit Kulit yang Terabaikan: Prevalensi, Tantangan dan Pendidikan sebagai Solusi Pencegahan

Scabies was neglected skin disease that considered normal and common place in society in Indonesia, even in the whole world. Though the prevalence of scabies in terms of region, age and sex of the relative there in almost the world to varying degrees. Research treat scabies have been carried out by researchers, but it still leaves the problem of resistance and side effects of medications. In addition secondary infection after scabies infestations was serious problem on the skin even causes death. Prevention scabies disease will be more effective to controlling the level of prelevansi scabies that sporadic, endemic and epidemic. Scabies find worldwide particularly in regions related with of poor sanitations, low education for personal hygiene and nutritional status. So that prevention through public education to be a challenge for academics to suppress the prevalence of scabies

The zoonotic potential of dogs in Aboriginal communities in Central Australia.

This article reviews the established zoonoses from dogs, and identifies the potential burden of speculative zoonoses of canine origin in Aboriginal communities in Central Australia. A variety of organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites including protozoa, ectoparasites and helminths (worms) have possible zoonotic capability; these organisms are discussed. Observational research was conducted in seven Aboriginal Town Camps of Alice Springs to describe the human and dog interactions and behaviours, and risk factors for transmission. Information was also gathered on the cultural significance of dogs to Aboriginal people in the community under observation. The relationship between Aboriginal people and their dogs appears to be not only one of companionship, but involves other more complex cultural factors. The contribution dogs make to infections and infestations of Aboriginal people in communities throughout Australia remains unclear. Education and dog health programs have an important role in reducing the risk of canine-related human morbidity in Aboriginal communities.Sharyn Gaskin, Richard Bentham, Nancy Cromar and Howard Fallowfiel