A new SATIRE-S spectral solar irradiance reconstruction for solar cycles 21--23 and its implications for stratospheric ozone

We present a revised and extended total and spectral solar irradiance (SSI) reconstruction, which includes a wavelength-dependent uncertainty estimate, spanning the last three solar cycles using the SATIRE-S model. The SSI reconstruction covers wavelengths between 115 and 160,000 nm and all dates between August 1974 and October 2009. This represents the first full-wavelength SATIRE-S reconstruction to cover the last three solar cycles without data gaps and with an uncertainty estimate. SATIRE-S is compared with the NRLSSI model and SORCE/SOLSTICE ultraviolet (UV) observations. SATIRE-S displays similar cycle behaviour to NRLSSI for wavelengths below 242 nm and almost twice the variability between 242 and 310 nm. During the decline of last solar cycle, between 2003 and 2008, SSI from SORCE/SOLSTICE version 12 and 10 typically displays more than three times the variability of SATIRE-S between 200 and 300 nm. All three datasets are used to model changes in stratospheric ozone within a 2D atmospheric model for a decline from high solar activity to solar minimum. The different flux changes result in different modelled ozone trends. Using NRLSSI leads to a decline in mesospheric ozone, while SATIRE-S and SORCE/SOLSTICE result in an increase. Recent publications have highlighted increases in mesospheric ozone when considering version 10 SORCE/SOLSTICE irradiances. The recalibrated SORCE/SOLSTICE version 12 irradiances result in a much smaller mesospheric ozone response than when using version 10 and now similar in magnitude to SATIRE-S. This shows that current knowledge of variations in spectral irradiance is not sufficient to warrant robust conclusions concerning the impact of solar variability on the atmosphere and climate.Comment: 25 pages (18 pages in main article with 6 figures; 7 pages in supplementary materials with 6 figures) in draft mode using the American Meteorological Society package. Submitted to Journal of Atmospheric Sciences for publicatio

ACRIM-gap and total solar irradiance revisited: Is there a secular trend between 1986 and 1996?

A gap in the total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements between ACRIM-1 and ACRIM-2 led to the ongoing debate on the presence or not of a secular trend between the minima preceding cycles 22 (in 1986) and 23 (1996). It was recently proposed to use the SATIRE model of solar irradiance variations to bridge this gap. When doing this, it is important to use the appropriate SATIRE-based reconstruction, which we do here, employing a reconstruction based on magnetograms. The accuracy of this model on months to years timescales is significantly higher than that of a model developed for long-term reconstructions used by the ACRIM team for such an analysis. The constructed `mixed' ACRIM - SATIRE composite shows no increase in the TSI from 1986 to 1996, in contrast to the ACRIM TSI composite.Comment: 4 figure

Modelling total solar irradiance since 1878 from simulated magnetograms

We present a new model of total solar irradiance (TSI) based on magnetograms simulated with a surface flux transport model (SFTM) and the SATIRE (Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstructions) model. Our model provides daily maps of the distribution of the photospheric field and the TSI starting from 1878. We first calculate the magnetic flux on the solar surface emerging in active and ephemeral regions. The evolution of the magnetic flux in active regions is computed using a surface flux transport model fed with the observed record of sunspot group areas and positions. The magnetic flux in ephemeral regions is treated separately using the concept of overlapping cycles. To model the ephemeral region cycles, we assume that their length and amplitude are related to that of the sunspot cycles. We then use a version of the SATIRE model to compute the TSI. The area coverage and the distribution of different magnetic features as a function of time, which are required by SATIRE, are extracted from the simulated magnetograms and the modelled ephemeral region magnetic flux. Previously computed intensity spectra of the various types of magnetic features are employed. Our model reproduces the PMOD composite of TSI measurements starting from 1978 at daily and rotational timescales more accurately than the previous version of the SATIRE model computing TSI over this period of time. The simulated magnetograms provide a more realistic representation of the evolution of the magnetic field on the photosphere and also allow us to make use of information on the spatial distribution of the magnetic fields before the times when observed magnetograms were available. We find that the secular increase in TSI since 1878 is fairly stable to modifications of the treatment of the ephemeral region magnetic flux

'Death and Doctor Hornbook' by Robert Burns: A view from medical history

Robert Burns's poem, Death and Doctor Hornbook, 1785, tells of the drunken narrator's late night encounter with Death. The Grim Reaper is annoyed that ‘Dr Hornbook’, a local schoolteacher who has taken to selling medications and giving medical advice, is successfully thwarting his efforts to gather victims. The poet fears that the local gravedigger will be unemployed but Death reassures him that this will not be the case since Hornbook kills more than he cures. Previous commentators have regarded the poem as a simple satire on amateur doctoring. However, it is here argued that, if interpreted in the light of the exoteric and inclusive character of 18th century medical knowledge and practice, the poem is revealed to have a much broader reference as well as being more subtle and morally ambiguous. It is a satire on 18th century medicine as a whole

Satirical News Detection and Analysis using Attention Mechanism and Linguistic Features

Satirical news is considered to be entertainment, but it is potentially deceptive and harmful. Despite the embedded genre in the article, not everyone can recognize the satirical cues and therefore believe the news as true news. We observe that satirical cues are often reflected in certain paragraphs rather than the whole document. Existing works only consider document-level features to detect the satire, which could be limited. We consider paragraph-level linguistic features to unveil the satire by incorporating neural network and attention mechanism. We investigate the difference between paragraph-level features and document-level features, and analyze them on a large satirical news dataset. The evaluation shows that the proposed model detects satirical news effectively and reveals what features are important at which level.Comment: EMNLP 2017, 11 page

Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Poetry

Outlines best practices created by the poetry community for using copyrighted materials in parody and satire; "remixed" new works; education; criticism, comment, or illustration; poetry online; and literary performance. Lists principles and limitations

Satire in the works of Chaucer

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Satire and Dissent: A Theoretical Overview

In an age when Jon Stewart tops lists of most-trusted newscasters and Michael Moore becomes a focus of political campaign analysis, the satiric register has attained renewed and urgent prominence in political discourse. Day focuses on three central contemporary forms: the parodic news show, the satiric documentary, and ironic activism. She highlights their shared objective of circumventing the standard conduits of political information and the highly stage-managed nature of current political discourse. In so doing, she argues, they provide fans with a sense of community and purpose notably lacking from organized politics in the twenty-first century

Solar irradiance models and measurements: a comparison in the 220 nm to 240 nm wavelength band

Solar irradiance models that assume solar irradiance variations to be due to changes in the solar surface magnetic flux have been successfully used to reconstruct total solar irradiance on rotational as well as cyclical and secular time scales. Modelling spectral solar irradiance is not yet as advanced, and also suffers from a lack of comparison data, in particular on solar-cycle time scales. Here we compare solar irradiance in the 220 nm to 240 nm band as modelled with SATIRE-S and measured by different instruments on the UARS and SORCE satellites. We find good agreement between the model and measurements on rotational time scales. The long-term trends, however, show significant differences. Both SORCE instruments, in particular, show a much steeper gradient over the decaying part of cycle 23 than the modelled irradiance or that measured by UARS/SUSIM.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, conference proceedings to appear in Surveys in Geophysic

WACANA PENDIDIKAN POLITIK MELALUI SATIRE POLITIK DALAM FILM ALANGKAH LUCUNYA NEGERI INI (Analisis Semiotik Terhadap Film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk mendeskripsikan profil film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini, dan 2) untuk mendeskripsikan konstruksi wacana pendidikan politik melalui satire politik dalam Film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data place berupa keadaan bergerak atau benda bergerak yaitu DVD film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua macam triangulasi, yang pertama triangulasi sumber data yang berupa informasi dari DVD dan dokumen yang memuat catatan yang berkaitan dengan data yang dimaksudkan. Kedua, triangulasi teknik atau metode pengumpulan data yang berasal dari hasil observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis semiotik. Analisis semiotik digunakan untuk mengungkap makna tanda-tanda yang terkandung dalam setiap adegan dan dialog yang berhubungan dengan wacana pendidikan politik melalui satire politik dalam film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) Satire politik dalam film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini disajikan secara lugas dan jelas; 2) Satire politik dalam film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini dapat dibagi menjadi tiga kategori yaitu, satire politik pada koruptor, satire politik pada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, dan satire politik pada pemerintah