Explaining Aviation Safety Incidents Using Deep Temporal Multiple Instance Learning

Although aviation accidents are rare, safety incidents occur more frequently and require a careful analysis to detect and mitigate risks in a timely manner. Analyzing safety incidents using operational data and producing event-based explanations is invaluable to airline companies as well as to governing organizations such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States. However, this task is challenging because of the complexity involved in mining multi-dimensional heterogeneous time series data, the lack of time-step-wise annotation of events in a flight, and the lack of scalable tools to perform analysis over a large number of events. In this work, we propose a precursor mining algorithm that identifies events in the multidimensional time series that are correlated with the safety incident. Precursors are valuable to systems health and safety monitoring and in explaining and forecasting safety incidents. Current methods suffer from poor scalability to high dimensional time series data and are inefficient in capturing temporal behavior. We propose an approach by combining multiple-instance learning (MIL) and deep recurrent neural networks (DRNN) to take advantage of MIL's ability to learn using weakly supervised data and DRNN's ability to model temporal behavior. We describe the algorithm, the data, the intuition behind taking a MIL approach, and a comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm with baseline models. We also discuss the application to a real-world aviation safety problem using data from a commercial airline company and discuss the model's abilities and shortcomings, with some final remarks about possible deployment directions

Tracking Foodborne Pathogens from Farm to Table: Data Needs to Evaluate Control Options

Food safety policymakers and scientists came together at a conference in January 1995 to evaluate data available for analyzing control of foodborne microbial pathogens. This proceedings starts with data regarding human illnesses associated with foodborne pathogens and moves backwards in the food chain to examine pathogen data in the processing sector and at the farm level. Of special concern is the inability to link pathogen data throughout the food chain. Analytical tools to evaluate the impact of changing production and consumption practices on foodborne disease risks and their economic consequences are presented. The available data are examined to see how well they meet current analytical needs to support policy analysis. The policymaker roundtable highlights the tradeoffs involved in funding databases, the economic evaluation of USDA's Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) proposal and other food safety policy issues, and the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach toward improving food safety databases.food safety, cost benefit analysis, foodborne disease risk, foodborne pathogens, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), probabilistic scenario analysis, fault-tree analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

EXPLANATORY ANALYSIS OF THE SAFETY LEADERSHIP AND SAFETY CLIMATE AT POWER PLANT

The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the effect of a safety leadership on safety climate in coal fired power plant. The design of this study is a survey and the data collection is cross section through a questionnaire. The unit of analysis is the employee who have experience work with at least 1 year. Mechanical determination of sample units in this study is a simple random sampling. The method of data analysis in hypothesis testing that is the Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). The results of this study indicate that direct safety leadership gives significant effect on safety climate. The practical implications of this research is useful for the management of power plant as they need to increase the role of safety leadership in the effort of increasing the safety climate especially for its communication to employee about Environment Health Safety

FDA Disclosure of Safety and Effectiveness Data: A Legal and Policy Analysis

Syftet med studien är att genom analys av förskollärares berättelser beskriva hur barns sociala samspel och lek kan påverkas och utvecklas. Den empiriska studien baserar sig på åtta intervjuer med förskollärare som delat med sig av sina erfarenheter i sitt arbete med barns lek och sociala samspel. Den tidigare forskningen behandlar begreppen socialt samspel och lek. Vidare redovisas också olika faktorer som kan påverka barns samspelsutveckling i lek. Vi valde att göra en kvalitativ studie med tematisk analys för att besvara våra frågeställningar. Utifrån ett specialpedagogiskt synsätt har vi valt att utgå från tre teoretiska perspektiv, det kategoriska-, det relationella- och dilemmaperspektivet. Den tematiska analysen ledde fram till tre olika huvudteman. Det första temat handlar om hur viktiga pedagogers roll och deltagande är i leken. Det andra temat fokuserar på pedagogers erfarenheter hur lek och samspel kan påverkas utifrån hinder och möjligheter. Det tredje och sista temat behandlar organisationens och miljöns betydelse för utvecklingen i lek och samspel i förskolan

Patient safety indicators for England from hospital administrative data: case-control analysis and comparison with US data

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The Healthcare Commission received a small grant from the Health and Social Care Information Centre to support the initial recoding work

Higher Readmissions at Safety-Net Hospitals and Potential Policy Solutions

The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), established by the Affordable Care Act, ties a hospital's payments to its readmission rates -- with penalties for hospitals that exceed a national benchmark -- to encourage hospitals to reduce avoidable readmissions. This new Commonwealth Fund analysis uses publicly reported 30-day hospital readmission rate data to examine whether safety-net hospitals are more likely to have higher readmission rates, compared with other hospitals. Results of this analysis find that safety-net hospitals are 30 percent more likely to have 30-day hospital readmission rates above the national average, compared with non-safety-net hospitals, and will therefore be disproportionately impacted by the HRRP. Policy solutions to help safety-net hospitals reduce their readmission rates include targeting quality improvement initiatives for safety-net hospitals; ensuring that broader delivery system improvements include safety-net hospitals and care delivery systems; and enhancing bundled payment rates to account for socioeconomic risk factors

Buyer and Seller Response to an Adverse Food Safety Event: The Case of Frozen Salmon in Alberta

Fish is a low-fat protein source high in omega-3 fatty acids, but in 2004 consumers also heard that farmed salmon had high levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs). This research evaluated how Canadian consumers and processors reacted to the conflicting health messages. Demand estimates and time-series analysis of 2001-2006 frozen meat scanner data in Alberta, Canada show a significant drop in salmon expenditure share following the PCB finding. The industry responded by launching low-priced wild salmon products, which contributed to significant demand expansion. The analysis illustrates how a food safety threat was averted and even served as a catalyst for growth.Salmon, Scanner data, Food Safety, Demand, Directed acyclic graphs, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, D12, L15, Q11,

Safety management practices in the Malaysia Technical And Vocational Education Training (TVET)

For many years, the value of safety management practice has been the subject of research attention in many sectors in Malaysia in order to achieve a positive workplace safety climate. The practice of safety management among accredited centers in the education sector, however, has hardly been examined. This study was therefore conducted in Johor, Malaysia, to investigate the elements of the safety management practices in the Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET). This research included seven participants consisting of safety and health (SH) coordinators from each accredited TVET center in Johor, Malaysia. Via interview data collection, this study used the full qualitative approach. The outcome of the thematic analysis showed that there are ten key elements of safety management practices that have become factors among accredited TVET centers in Johor, namely management commitment, safety policy, safety committee, instructor involvement, safety rules and procedure, safety training, safety audit, risk management, communication and feedback and also safety promotion. The accredited center is advised to pay attention to these ten elements in order to improve safety management practices in the TVET sector

The development and deployment of a maintenance operations safety survey

Objective: Based on the line operations safety audit (LOSA), two studies were conducted to develop and deploy an equivalent tool for aircraft maintenance: the maintenance operations safety survey (MOSS). Background: Safety in aircraft maintenance is currently measured reactively, based on the number of audit findings, reportable events, incidents, or accidents. Proactive safety tools designed for monitoring routine operations, such as flight data monitoring and LOSA, have been developed predominantly for flight operations. Method: In Study 1, development of MOSS, 12 test peer-to-peer observations were collected to investigate the practicalities of this approach. In Study 2, deployment of MOSS, seven expert observers collected 56 peer-to-peer observations of line maintenance checks at four stations. Narrative data were coded and analyzed according to the threat and error management (TEM) framework. Results: In Study 1, a line check was identified as a suitable unit of observation. Communication and third-party data management were the key factors in gaining maintainer trust. Study 2 identified that on average, maintainers experienced 7.8 threats (operational complexities) and committed 2.5 errors per observation. The majority of threats and errors were inconsequential. Links between specific threats and errors leading to 36 undesired states were established. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that observations of routine maintenance operations are feasible. TEM-based results highlight successful management strategies that maintainers employ on a day-to-day basis. Application: MOSS is a novel approach for safety data collection and analysis. It helps practitioners understand the nature of maintenance errors, promote an informed culture, and support safety management systems in the maintenance domain