Substitute Arguments in Constitutional Law

In this article, I argue that that substitution is crucial to our practice of constitutional law. Of course, if one wished, one could easily extend the domain of substitution beyond these boundaries. Substitute arguments are an important aspect of law more generally and, indeed, of life. I have nonetheless chosen to limit my discussion to constitutional substitution because, I believe, overt discussion of substitution in this particular area illuminates important aspects of our constitutional regime-–aspects that substitution itself regularly obscures. To put my central point directly, I hope to show that constitutional law amounts to one, giant substitute argument

Ligand Substitution Dynamics

Substitution of a ligand in an inner sphere complex by an outside group is the most fundamental reaction in metal ion chemistr

Tridiagonal substitution Hamiltonians

We consider a family of discrete Jacobi operators on the one-dimensional integer lattice with Laplacian and potential terms modulated by a primitive invertible two-letter substitution. We investigate the spectrum and the spectral type, the fractal structure and fractal dimensions of the spectrum, exact dimensionality of the integrated density of states, and the gap structure. We present a review of previous results, some applications, and open problems. Our investigation is based largely on the dynamics of trace maps. This work is an extension of similar results on Schroedinger operators, although some of the results that we obtain differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those for the Schoedinger operators. The nontrivialities of this extension lie in the dynamics of the associated trace map as one attempts to extend the trace map formalism from the Schroedinger cocycle to the Jacobi one. In fact, the Jacobi operators considered here are, in a sense, a test item, as many other models can be attacked via the same techniques, and we present an extensive discussion on this.Comment: 41 pages, 5 figures, 81 reference