Why Do Adults Engage in Cyberbullying on Social Media? An Integration of Online Disinhibition and Deindividuation Effects with the Social Structure and Social Learning Model

postprin

THE DEGREE OF CYBERBULLYING ACCORDING TO GENDER AND SOCIAL ECOLOGY IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

This study aims to identify the degree of cyberbullying in a sample of ninth and tenth grade students in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) in terms of gender and social ecology variables. The method used was a descriptive analytical approach. The study used the data elicitation tool that includes eight items developed by Buffy and Dianne (2006) to measure the degree of cyberbullying. The researchers added eight additional items based on the students’ comprehension level. The results showed that there is a low-impact level of cyberbullying on the tested students in Al Ain/UAE. The results also revealed that there are statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) between the participants who are bullied in terms of gender and social ecology in favor of the students whose parents are of a low educational level and whose mothers are employed. Based on the results, the study concludes with recommendations related to the importance of following social, educational and technical policies to reduce the negative effects of this phenomenon

A cirurgia bariatrica, os fatores relacionados ao seu sucesso e o papel do enfermeiro nesse processo

A presente revisão bibliográfica abordou os fatores que influenciam o sucesso do pós-operatório da cirurgia bariátrica. Assim, a revisão da literatura foi realizado nos bancos de dados eletrônicos Literatura Latina Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scielo – Scientific Eletronic Library Online usando as palavras-chave obesidade, cirurgia bariátrica, pós-operatório, sucesso, enfermeiro e enfermagem entre os anos 1999 a 2013. A cirurgia bariátrica é um procedimento que visa reduzir a ingestão e a absorção de alimentos pelo trato gastrointestinal. Entretanto, o sucesso no pós-cirúrgico dessa intervenção pode ser prejudicado se o acompanhamento do paciente for negligenciado pelos pacientes, que acreditam que o simples ato da cirurgia em si, tem a capacidade de mudar hábitos instalados há anos e que o simples fato da cirurgia resolverá o problema. Constata-se que o enfermeiro pode auxiliar no processo pré e pós-cirúrgico no sentido de orientar e acompanhar esse paciente para que ele obtenha êxito no tratamento

Engineered Pulmonary Arterial Tissue (EPAT): A novel platform assessing vasoactivity to validate emerging PAH therapies

Imperial Users onl

Seguimento farmacoterapêutico de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica no hospital universitário/USFC

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2016.A obesidade é um dos principais fatores de risco para diversas doenças crônicas como hipertensão, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, dislipidemia entre outras. Quando falha o tratamento clínico, a cirurgia é uma opção. A cirurgia bariátrica é um dos tratamentos para obesidade e muitas vezes resulta na remissão de algumas comorbidades. O seguimento farmacoterapêutico é um serviço clínico farmacêutico que busca contribuir para a assistência integral ao paciente, por meio da detecção de problemas relacionados ao uso de medicamentos, como não adesão à farmacoterapia e reação adversa a medicamentos; visa contribuir por intermédio da orientação farmacêutica para a efetividade e segurança no uso de medicamentos. Nesse contexto, foi realizado um estudo do tipo coorte no Hospital Universitário/UFSC, cujos objetivos foram avaliar a adesão à farmacoterapia antes e depois da cirurgia, avaliar a complexidade da farmacoterapia, bem como a associação entre a adesão e a complexidade. A adesão foi avaliada pelo teste de Morisky (MMAS-4) antes, após 1 e 6 meses da cirurgia; e a complexidade, pelo Índice de Complexidade da Farmacoterapia (ICFT). Foram incluídos 59 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica entre abril de 2015 e março de 2016. A média de idade foi de 42 anos, sendo 91,5 % do gênero feminino; 90 % realizaram bypass gástrico em Y de Roux. As comorbidades mais frequentes foram: ansiedade/depressão (55 %), hipertensão (40 %), dislipidemia (40 %) e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (35 %). No período pré-operatório, o IMC médio foi 48,68 kg/m2, a média do número de medicamentos utilizados foi 5, o ICFT médio foi 12,5 pontos, 50 % eram aderentes à farmacoterapia, e não houve associação entre adesão a farmacoterapia e o ICFT (p = 0,085). No período pós-operatório 6 meses, o IMC médio foi 35,68 kg/m2; o número médio de medicamentos utilizados foi 6, o ICFT médio foi 16,7 pontos, 60 % foram aderentes a farmacoterapia, houve associação entre adesão à farmacoterapia e o ICFT (p = 0,030). A adesão à profilaxia para trombose venosa profunda (TVP) e tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) após a alta hospitalar foi avaliada pelo teste de Haynes-Sackett (adaptado), e foi de 100 %. Houve discreta melhora da adesão à farmacoterapia após a cirurgia; foi verificada associação inversa entre adesão e complexidade da farmacoterapia apenas no pós-operatório 6 meses.Abstract : Obesity is one of the main risk factors for several chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia among others. When clinical treatment fails, surgery is an option. Bariatric surgery is one of the treatments for obesity and often results in the remission of some comorbidities. Pharmacotherapy follow-up is a clinical pharmacy service that seeks to contribute to comprehensive patient care through the detection of problems related to drug use, such as non-adherence and adverse drug reactions. It aims to contribute through the pharmaceutical orientation for the effectiveness and safety in the use of drugs. In this context, a cohort study was conducted at the teaching hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil), whose objectives were to evaluate adherence to pharmacotherapy before and after surgery, to evaluate the complexity of pharmacotherapy, as well as the association between adherence and complexity. Adherence was assessed by the Morisky?s test (MMAS-4) before surgery, after one and six months; complexity, by Pharmacotherapy Complexity Index (PCI). Fifty-nine (59) patients undergoing bariatric surgery were included in the study between April 2015 and March 2016, of these, twenty (20) completed all pharmacotherapy follow-up. The mean age was 42 years old, of which 91.5 % were female; 90 % underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The most common comorbidities were anxiety/depression (55 %), hypertension (40 %), dyslipidemia (40 %) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (35 %). In the preoperative period, mean BMI was 48.68 kg/m2, mean number of medications used was 5, mean PCI was 12.5 points, 50 % were adherent to pharmacotherapy, there was no association between adherence to pharmacotherapy and the PCI (p = 0.085). In the six-months postoperative period, mean BMI was 35.68 kg/m2; The mean number of used medications was six, the mean PCI was 16.7 points, 60 % were adherent to pharmacotherapy, there was an association between adherence to pharmacotherapy and PCI (p = 0.030). Adherence to prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) after hospital discharge was assessed by the Haynes-Sackett test (adapted), and was 100 %. There was a slight improvement in adherence to pharmacotherapy after surgery. An inverse association between adherence and complexity of pharmacotherapy was found just in the six-months postoperative period

Stem Cells Based Elastic Matrix Regeneration For Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (aaas) Repair

egenerative repair of the elastic matrix is naturally limited due to the intrinsically poor elastogenicity of adult vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, when the elastic matrix, which provides tissue stretch and recoil are disrupted in a proteolytic milieu, such as in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs), localized rupture-prone expansions of the aorta, the damage is difficult to reverse. This demands providing an external, pro-elastin regenerative- and anti-proteolytic stimuli to aneurysmal SMCs in the AAA wall towards reinstating matrix structure in the aorta wall. Introducing alternative phenotypes of highly elastogenic and contractile cells into the AAA wall, capable of providing such cues, proffers attractive prospects for AAA treatment. In this regard, our previous studies demonstrated superior elastogenicity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC)-derived SMCs (BM-SMCs) and their ability to provide pro-elastogenic and anti-proteolytic stimuli to aneurysmal SMCs in vitro. However, for cell therapy a large cell inoculate is required for which these derived cells must be cultured extensively as well as retain their superior elastogenicity and antiproteolytic benefit in long term culture as well as in vivo collagenous environment which is not conducive to elastogenesis. Accordingly, in this study we assessed the proelastogenic and antiproteolytic benefits of the BM-MSC derived cells in vitro and in vivo. The overall goal of this dissertation is to understand the pro-elastogenic and anti-proteolytic behavior of BM-MSCs derived SMCs in vitro and in vivo towards their xv implication as an alternative cell source for elastin regenerative repair in AAAs. Our results indicate that the stem cell derivatives retain their phenotype and superior elastogenic and anti-proteolytic properties in 2D as well as 3D collagenous culture in vitro. The results of our in vivo studies indicate that the stem cell derivatives (a) possess natural homing abilities similar to the undifferentiated BM-MSCs, (b) exhibit higher retention upon localization in the aneurysmal aorta compared to undifferentiated BMMSCs, (c) downregulate expression of several inflammatory and pro-apoptotic cytokines that are upregulated in the AAA wall, contributing to accelerated elastic matrix breakdown and suppression of elastic fiber reassembly, repair and crosslinking and (d) improve elastic matrix content and structure in the AAA wall towards slowing the growth of AAAs. Our study provides initial evidence of the in vivo elastic matrix reparative benefits of BM-MSC-derived SMCs and their utility as cell therapy to reverse pathophysiology of proteolytic conditions like AAAs

Federalismo cultural em tempos nacionais sombrios

A partir de uma conjuntura nacional de desmonte do investimento e produção de cultura que se intensificou na gestão Temer e então recebeu uma “pá de cal” durante a gestão Bolsonaro, o livro analisa a capacidade de resistência e de iniciativa de entes federativos – estados, municípios e Distrito Federal nos “tempos sombrios”. Quais as iniciativas (ou não) de política cultural quando a União promove uma “guerra cultural”, não desenvolve e interdita políticas culturais, ataca fazedores de cultura, estrangula os orçamentos culturais, desmantela instituições e busca impor valores culturais autoritários

To what extent does the presence of anonymity contribute to the fluctuations observed in cyberbullying behaviours demonstrated by students in higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia?

Rapid improvements in technology, particularly in the communications industry, have caused a major evolution in the way individuals make contact, socialise and interact with one another. Unquestionably, these improvements have also had negative impact. Social media has contributed to the world by allowing the transfer of social communication from the real world into the virtual world. It should be acknowledged that social media has a great deal of benefit for individuals. The ease of social media use has helped individuals to connect with wider audiences anytime and anywhere. However, advancements in and features of social media can also lead to harmful effects, such as cyberbullying, which is the focus of this research. Bullying is a social issue in the real world that has shifted into cyberspace under the name ‘cyberbullying’. Previous research on cyberbullying has developed an understanding of such a problem, with some gaps that still need to be addressed. The overall research aim was to develop an understanding of cyberbullying causes in higher education students in Saudi Arabia. It should be taken into consideration that after this research started, universities moved their activities completely online because of Covid-19. This can motivate such research, as cyber-related work is likely to become increasingly important when working from home becomes the new normal. This research addresses three key gaps. First, the age gap is addressed, since the cyberbullying research field has focused intensively on younger age groups rather than university students. Second, the population gap is addressed, as very few cyberbullying studies have been conducted in the Saudi Arabian context. There are many social media users in the country, so this research aims to explore a new culture. Third, the research field gap is explored; previous cyberbullying studies have tended to overlook the factor of technology when exploring cyberbullying and lack a standardised theoretical approach with which to unify inconsistent results. To address these gaps, the social media cyberbullying model (SMCBM) developed by Lowry et al. (2016) was used. This model was modified based on Akers’ (2009) theory of social learning and social structure (SSSL). The original SSSL model was adopted from the criminology field, while the developed SMCBM model was contextualised to fit cyberspace, adding the information technology artefacts of anonymity and social structure. Testing such a model can contribute to the field of cyberbullying. This model was tested via a questionnaire sent to 414 Saudi university students, from University of Hail, who have been involved in cyberbullying. Moreover, to explain some results and obtain a profound understanding of particular parts of the questionnaire, it was followed by interviews with 10 students. Based on the questionnaire and interview findings, the results of this research support the SMCBM. Anonymity contributed to the social learning variables of cyberbullying through social media, thus encouraging the frequency of cyberbullying. There were notable findings related to the perception of the cost of cyberbullying, and the situational morality of cyberbullying, among the sample. As for the cost, the participants seemed to consider the consequences of cyberbullying, due to the religious background of the sample, as well as the enforcement of internet crime laws and cyberbullying campaigns by public authorities in Saudi Arabia. As a result, the sample demonstrated a stringent attitude towards cyberbullying, likely influenced by an increased awareness of its potential repercussions. As for the situational morality, in addition to conventional explanations such as revenge and attention-seeking, the research uncovered a different perspective, revealing a prevailing belief among participants that cyberbullying served a greater purpose in defending ethics, religion, and traditions, which reflects a nuanced situational morality among the respondents. The research results have some indications with regard to cyberbullying. Most importantly, some suggestions are provided for universities to minimise bullying in the online learning proces

To what extent does the presence of anonymity contribute to the fluctuations observed in cyberbullying behaviours demonstrated by students in higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia?

Rapid improvements in technology, particularly in the communications industry, have caused a major evolution in the way individuals make contact, socialise and interact with one another. Unquestionably, these improvements have also had negative impact. Social media has contributed to the world by allowing the transfer of social communication from the real world into the virtual world. It should be acknowledged that social media has a great deal of benefit for individuals. The ease of social media use has helped individuals to connect with wider audiences anytime and anywhere. However, advancements in and features of social media can also lead to harmful effects, such as cyberbullying, which is the focus of this research. Bullying is a social issue in the real world that has shifted into cyberspace under the name ‘cyberbullying’. Previous research on cyberbullying has developed an understanding of such a problem, with some gaps that still need to be addressed. The overall research aim was to develop an understanding of cyberbullying causes in higher education students in Saudi Arabia. It should be taken into consideration that after this research started, universities moved their activities completely online because of Covid-19. This can motivate such research, as cyber-related work is likely to become increasingly important when working from home becomes the new normal. This research addresses three key gaps. First, the age gap is addressed, since the cyberbullying research field has focused intensively on younger age groups rather than university students. Second, the population gap is addressed, as very few cyberbullying studies have been conducted in the Saudi Arabian context. There are many social media users in the country, so this research aims to explore a new culture. Third, the research field gap is explored; previous cyberbullying studies have tended to overlook the factor of technology when exploring cyberbullying and lack a standardised theoretical approach with which to unify inconsistent results. To address these gaps, the social media cyberbullying model (SMCBM) developed by Lowry et al. (2016) was used. This model was modified based on Akers’ (2009) theory of social learning and social structure (SSSL). The original SSSL model was adopted from the criminology field, while the developed SMCBM model was contextualised to fit cyberspace, adding the information technology artefacts of anonymity and social structure. Testing such a model can contribute to the field of cyberbullying. This model was tested via a questionnaire sent to 414 Saudi university students, from University of Hail, who have been involved in cyberbullying. Moreover, to explain some results and obtain a profound understanding of particular parts of the questionnaire, it was followed by interviews with 10 students. Based on the questionnaire and interview findings, the results of this research support the SMCBM. Anonymity contributed to the social learning variables of cyberbullying through social media, thus encouraging the frequency of cyberbullying. There were notable findings related to the perception of the cost of cyberbullying, and the situational morality of cyberbullying, among the sample. As for the cost, the participants seemed to consider the consequences of cyberbullying, due to the religious background of the sample, as well as the enforcement of internet crime laws and cyberbullying campaigns by public authorities in Saudi Arabia. As a result, the sample demonstrated a stringent attitude towards cyberbullying, likely influenced by an increased awareness of its potential repercussions. As for the situational morality, in addition to conventional explanations such as revenge and attention-seeking, the research uncovered a different perspective, revealing a prevailing belief among participants that cyberbullying served a greater purpose in defending ethics, religion, and traditions, which reflects a nuanced situational morality among the respondents. The research results have some indications with regard to cyberbullying. Most importantly, some suggestions are provided for universities to minimise bullying in the online learning proces