Theclinae of Rondonia, Brazil: Gigantorubra and Angulopis : with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

The species of Gigantombra and Angulopis encountered in the Caca ulandia area of central Rondonia, Brazil, are reviewed. These include ten species (all new) of Gigantombra (G. microserrata, G. dl:vergens, G. quadramacula, G. ampla, G. fuscafascia, G. silva, G. rondonia, G. obscura, G. pelplexa, G. pUlpura) and one new species of Angulo pis (A. tenuis). Thecla sangala Hewitson (1868) is recognized as having priority over Theela autoelea Hewitson (1863-1878 [1877]), new synonym. Rondonia continues to appear as a center ofthecline endemism and to provide abundant examples of sibling species diversity

Theclinae of Rondonia, Brazil: Strymon Hübner : with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Twenty-two species of Strymon are known from the vicinity of Cacaulandia in Rondonia, Brazil, of which 14 are new species. These belong to 5 species groups: the "oreala" group [Strymon megarus (Godart)]; the "ziba" group [Strymon ziba (Hewitson), Strymon thulia (Hewitson), Strymon spinatus new species, Strymon latamaculus new species, Strymon pallidulus new species, Stlymon tholus new species]; "valentina" group [Strymon rotundum new species]; "crossoea" group [Strymon crossoea (Hewitson), Strymon crambusa (Hewitson), Stlymon germana new species, Strymon novasignum new species, Strymon clavus new species, Strymon implexus new species, Strymon inmirum new species, Strymon incanus new species, Strymon faunalia (Hewitson), Strymon halos new species, Strymon conspergus new species, Strymon bazochii (Godart), Strymon diagonalis new species]; and "eurytulus" group [Strymon bubastus (Stoll)]. Tentative subgroups of species are suggested for the "crossoea" group as they occur in Rondonia. A neotype is designated for Tmolus basilides and the name synonymized with Strymon megarus. The "basilides" group of Johnson et al. (1990) is renamed the "ziba" group. Based on lectotype designations and superficial and genital differences, S. ziba and S. thu.lia are elevated to specific status

A review of the genus Dysmerus Casey (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)

The New World genus Dysmerus Casey, currently with one valid species, is revised. Lectotypes are designated for two species, Dysmerus caseyi (Grouvelle), new status, and Dysmerus sulcicollis Grouvelle, new status. Both are revived from synonymy with D. basalis Casey. Twelve new species are described: Dysmerus boliviensis Thomas, new species, Dysmerus curvicornis Thomas, new species, Dysmerus genaspinosus Thomas, new species, Dysmerus hamaticornis Thomas, new species, Dysmerus impolitus Thomas, new species, Dysmerus skelleyi Thomas, new species, Dysmerus mexicanus Thomas, new species, Dysmerus monstrosus Thomas, new species, Dysmerus politus Thomas, new species, Dysmerus rondoniensis Thomas, new species, Dysmerus symphilus Thomas, new species, and Dysmerus trinidadensis Thomas, new species. A key to adults of the species and illustrations are provided

Jeepiulus flavus gen. nand sp. n. (Hemi ptera, Auchenorr hyncha, Cicadellidae) from Mato Grosso and Rondonia, Brazil

Jeepiulus flauus gen. nand sp. n. (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) is described from Mato Grosso and Rondonia, Brazil. This genus is similar to Alocha Melichar andAlbiniana Cavichioli, however, Jeepiulus gen. n. has its head produced and male genitalia with paraphyses

Market analysis for Acrean timbers

In the state of Acre (Brazil), keys of development are the valorization of natural resources, which include non-ligneous and timber products. The need to develop a sustainable wood industry lead to assess markets that can be targeted from Acre in an sustainable and economic way. The objective of this analysis is so to highlight the opportunities and the marketing strategies that are the most suitable from a timber business point of view, in the specific context of Acre. Care should be taken that all the conclusions that can be interpreted from this work are valid from a timber business point of view, but these market considerations don’t necessarily prevail on other considerations, such as social or political ones. From a general point of view, Acre State, despite its remote location, is not independent of the globalization process. This means that the market analysis is required to start from the world level markets, and has to deepen progressively down to national, regional and local levels, in order to correctly isolate which are the competitive advantages and disadvantages of the specific Acrean context.

Phylogenetic Revision of Eryphanis Boisduval, with a Description of a New Species from Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

This study provides a species-level phylogeny for the Neotropical brassoline genus Eryphanis Boisduval based on 43 morphological characters. A revised generic definition is given. Three subspecies are elevated to species status and a new species is described; E. bubocula (Butler, 1872), status revised; E. lycomedon (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1862), status revised; E. opimus (Staudinger, 1887), status revised; and E. greeneyi Penz and DeVries, new species. Diagnoses, annotated redescriptions, and illustrations of habitus and genitalia are provided for the nine Eryphanis species

A new species of Anastrepha from Amazonia : with redescriptions of A. caudata Stone and A. hendeliana Lima (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Three species of Anastrepha from upper Amazonia are described or redescribed and illustrated. They are considered closely related and are placed in the A. caudata species group. Anastrepha caudata Stone 1942 is redescribed based on the holotype, the only known specimen. Its type locality is probably São Paulo de Olivença in Amazonas, Brazil, not the state or city of São Paulo as previously assumed. Anastrepha hendeliana Lima 1934, new status, is removed from synonymy with A. longicauda Lima 1934 based on specimens from Brazil (Amazonas and Rondonia) and Colombia (Caquetá). The female is described for the first time. Anastrepha brunnealata, n. sp., is described from specimens from Venezuela (Amazonas) and probably Peru (Loreto). Anastrepha longicauda Lima is placed in the dentata species group.Se describen o redescriben e ilustran tres especies de Anastrepha del Amazonia. Ellas están consideradas cercanamente relacionadas y las ubican en el grupo de especies caudata. Se redescribe Anastrepha caudata Stone 1942 basado en el holotipo, el único especimen conocido. La localidad tipo probablemente es São Paulo de Olivença en el Amazonas, Brasil, no el estado o la ciudad de São Paulo como se asumió anteriormente. Se remueve Anastrepha hendeliana Lima 1934, stat. n., de la sinonómia de A. longicauda Lima 1934 basado en especimenes de Brasil (Amazonas y Rondonia) y Colombia (Caquetá). La hembra es descrita por primera vez. Se describe Anastrepha brunnealata, sp. n., de especimenes de Venezuela (Amazonas) y probablemente Peru (Loreto). Se ubica Anastrepha longicauda Lima en el grupo de especies dentata

Informal gold mining and mercury pollution in Brazil

The Amazon region has been responsible for a major share of Brazilian gold production in recent years. The region has witnessed a sizable gold rush comparable only to the California gold rush last century. The gold rush has spawned a powerful informal mining sector and has attracted many people - some who have come to the region in search of wealth and some who were already there but were displaced from other, unsuccessful economicactivities. What these people encounter at the mining sites are dreadful living and working conditions. Gold mining also causes substantial environmental problems, which may persist whether gold deposits do or not. The author discusses the environmental effects of gold mining in the region, focusing on mercury pollution. Mercury, an important input in gold extraction, is being discharged into the atmosphere and the rivers at alarming rates. The environmental costs of the present extraction, is being discharged into the atmosphere and the rivers at alarming rates. The environmental costs of the present extraction technology will be faced primarily by future generations, because of natural chemical processes. Although removing the mercury already discharged from the Amazonian environment may be an enormous task, at least future discharges should be curtailed through the use of appropriate technology, environmental education, and a combination of command and control measures and market-based incentives. The author describes the gold extraction process and the extent of mercury use and contamination. He analyzes key elements of the environmental problem, especially the informal miner and the fish economy. Finally, he suggests a combination of command and control regulations and market-based incentives adapted to the informal gold mining economic environment. He emphasizes the need for an education campaign about the perils of using mercury and the availability of more appropriate, and inexpensive, alternative extraction technologies.Mining&Extractive Industry (Non-Energy),Montreal Protocol,Water and Industry,Coastal and Marine Resources,Primary Metals