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    An Iterative 3D Registration Algorithm using Random Pair of Plane Patches

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2015. 8. ์ด๋ฒ”ํฌ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํ‰๋ฉด ํŒจ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ •ํ•ฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ•ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ํŠน์ •์  ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์‘๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ•์ฒด๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์‘๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๊ณง ์ •ํ•ฉ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๋ฉด ํŒจ์น˜๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‘ 3์ฐจ์› ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž„์˜์˜ ํ‰๋ฉด์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‰๊ท  ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ฒด๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฐ•์ฒด๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‰๊ท  ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰ํ–‰์ด๋™ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ•ฉ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋Œ€์‘๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ƒ์ ์— ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ชฉ์ฐจ ์ดˆ๋ก i ์ œ 1 ์žฅ Introduction 1 1.1 Backgrounds and Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Related Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.1 Point-based Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.2 Line-based Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.3 Plane-based Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ Preliminaries 10 2.1 Plane Patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.1 Notation for Plane Patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.2 Problem Formulation using Plane Patch . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2 Quaternion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2.1 Basis of quaternion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3 RANSAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ Proposed Method 21 3.1 Selection of plane patch pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.2 Evaluation of Rigid Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2.1 Evaluation of Rotation Matrix based on Quaternion . . . 25 3.2.2 Evaluation of Translation Vector based on Moore-Penrose Pseudo Inverse Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.3 Transformation of Plane Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4 Mean Square Distance Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.5 Selection of Rigid Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.6 Optimization of Translation Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ Simulations 40 4.1 Preconditions for the Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.2 Validity of Random Iteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ Real Experiments 49 5.1 Environments for the Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.2 Extraction of plane patches from point cloud . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5.3 Results of Real Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ Conclusion 52 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 53 Abstract 59 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ 61Maste
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